Final Exam Vocab, Articulation

plosive stop

obstructing the airstream completely

Compression

molecules are pushed from the disturbance and closer to the molecules in front of them, period of high pressure

Rarefaction

molecules behind the wave of compression become further apart, period of low pressure

Amplitude

repetition of compression and rarefaction in a longitudinal wave, travels in all directions

Bilabial

upper and lower lips

labiodental

upper incisors resting on lower lips

labial velar

lips rounded and back of tongue near soft palate

interdentals/dentals

tongue tip or blade lightly touching upper teeth and possibly protruding

alveolar

tongue or tip blade on or near the upper gum

post alveolar

tongue blade just behind alveolar ridge, near front or hard palate

labial palatal

lips rounded and tongue blade near hard palate

palatal

front of tongue near the hard palate

velar

back of tongue near the soft palate

glottal

vocal folds involved

nasal

obstructing the airstream in the oral cavity completely while the nasal cavity is open

fricatives

forming a nearly complete obstruction

Phonetics

the study of speech sounds

Phonology

understanding of how sounds can be combined in a language to form words

register

variations in language use, five styles frozen, formal, consultative, casual, and intimate

invariance problem

The challenge in speech perception where the same sound can be pronounced differently by different speakers or in different contexts, yet we still recognize it

speech balance

Refers to the balance of sound features like pitch, rhythm, and loudness in natural speech

syllable

unit of speech consisting of uninterrupted sound, compressed of one or more phones

Maximal Onset Principle

rule to help determine syllable boundaries

affricates

briefly stopping the airstream completely and then releasing the articulators slightly so that frication noise is produced

approximants

slight constriction or narrowing on the vocal tract

lateral approximant

flows laterally around the tongue

Trill

produced by bringing two articulators together in a series of quick taps

flap tap

reduced pronunciation of a t and d

p,b,m

bilabial

f,v

labiodental

w

labial velar

θ,ð

interdental/dentals

t,d,n,s,z

alveolar

ʃ,ʒ,t͡ʃ,d͡ʒ

post alveolar

ɥ

labial-palatal

j

palatal

k,g,ŋ

velar

ʔ,h

glottal

p, b, t, d, k, g, ʔ,

plosive stops

m,n

nasals

f,v,s,z,h

fricatives

t͡ʃ,d͡ʒ

affricates

w,ɹ

approximants

l

lateral approximants

r

trill

ɾ

flap tap

broad transcription

only shows basic sounds ( /t/)

narrow transcription

includes more detail like aspiration or nasal release ( [tʰ], [tⁿ])

monothongs

one vowel sounds

Dipthongs

two vowels to make another sound, oe in "shoe"

tripthongs

dipthongs plus a schwa at the end

stress

increase in activity of vocal

pitch

high or low voice sounds

tone

pitch changes that change meaning

intonation

the rise and fall of pitch across phrases

length

the relative time to produce a speech sound

Southern American English

Often has vowel shifts like /aɪ/ turning into /aː/ (ride sounds like rahd), and dropped r in older dialects

cajun english

deletion of final consonants and final consonant clusters [an, st, lm] in bi mono morphemes (late: lae, hand: han)

chicano english

the rhythms tends to be syllabel timed, /t/ and /d/= dental stops

african american english

reduction of final consonant clusters when followed by a vowel (lift up= lif up)

vietnamese english

six tones and lack of final consonants, leading to dropping final s, t, or using different vowel qualities.

Select the symbol for a voiced labial-velar approximant

w

Select the symbol for a voiced labiodental fricative

v

Select the symbol for a voiceless labial-velar approximant

upside down w

Select the symbol for a voiced bilabial plosive

b

Select the articulatory features for [p]

voiceless bilabial plosive

Select the correct description for the sound 0 with dash in middle

voiceless dental fricative