CH 29 Cambridge US History

Underwood Tariff

“Tariff” that Wilson passed to lower the current tariff

Federal Reserve Act

created the Federal Reserve System, consisting of twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks jointly responsible for managing the country's money supply

Federal Trade Commission Act

FTC could crush monopoly at source by rooting out unfair trade practices including unlawful competition, false advertising, mislabeling, adulteration, and bribery

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

Prohibited questionable business practices like interlocking directorates and price discrimination

Holding Companies

a company created to buy and possess the shares of other companies, which it then controls

Workingmen’s Compensation Act

Granted assistance to federal civil-service employees during periods of disability

Adamson Act

Established eight hour day for all employees on trains in interstate commerce, with extra pay for overtime

Jones Act

Granted Philippines territorial status and promised independence as soon as a “stable government” could be established

Tampico Incident

Small party of American sailors arrested; Mexicans released captives and apologized; Before Congress could act, Wilson had navy seize port of Veracruz to block arrival of German weapons; Huerta collapsed in July 1914 under pressure from within and without; Pancho” Villa, chief rival to President Carranza killed Americans; General John J. (“Black Jack”) Pershing ordered to break up bandit band

Central Powers

Germany, Austria-Hungary, later Turkey and Bulgaria

Allies

France, Britain, and Russia, later Japan and Italy

U-Boats

German submarines

Lusitania

Sunk ship by German submarines that had lots of ammunition

Zimmermann Note

Germany’s note to Mexico to attack America and in exchange getting land; Intercepted by British

Fourteen Points

Wilson’s reasoning for entering the war; trade equality, ending of secret treaties, and alliances, freedom of the seas, and the establishment of the League of Nations.

Committee on Public Information

mobilize people's mind for war to sell America on war and sell world on Wilsonian war aims

Espionage Act

made it a crime for a person to promote the enemy or interfere with american forces; attacked socialists and radical Industrial Workers of the World

Schenck V. United States

Court case that ruled that freedom of speech could be revoked when such speech posed “clear and present danger” to nation

War Industries Board

A government organization that directs and oversees the country's industrial production to meet the demands of the war effort

Industrial Workers of the World

“Wobblies”; Victims of shabbiest working conditions

1919 greatest strike in U.S. history rocked steel industry as more than 250,000 struck:

Great Migration

tens of thousands of southern blacks drawn to the North by the magnet of war-industry employment

Nineteenth Amendment

Women can now vote

Sheppard-Towner Maternity Act

Provided federally financed instruction in maternal and infant health care; Expanded responsibility of federal government for family welfare

American Expeditionary Forces (AEF)

Soldiers fight overseas

Battle of Chateau-Thierry

one of the first offensive actions of the American Expeditionary Forces in WW1; Saved Paris and consequently France

Meuse-Argonne offensive

one of the attacks that brought an end to WW1; Engaged 1.2 million American troops; 120,000 Americans killed or wounded

League of Nations

International organization that would provide system of collective security proposed by Wilson

Treaty of Versailles

The treaty to end WW1

Irreconcilables

a group of 12 to 18 United States Senators who opposed the United States ratifying the Treaty of Versailles.

Louis D. Brandeis

first Jew to high court; wrote Other People's Money and How the Bankers Use It

Francisco (Pancho) Villa

Mexican revolutionary against Huerta’s regime

George Creel

young journalist that headed the Committee on Public Information and used propaganda

Eugene V. Debs

Socialist sentenced to ten years from Espionage Act but was later pardoned by Harding; rolled up largest Socialist vote ever with 919,799

William D (Big Bill) Haywood

Founding member of the Industrial Workers of the World “Wobblies” that was convicted by the Espionage Act

Herbert Hoover

headed Food Administration; invented ration cards; thanks to wartime spirit, their voluntary approach worked as farm production increased

Alice Paul

progressive-era feminist and a Quaker that demonstrated against “Kaiser Wilson” with marches and hunger strikes

Henry Cabot Lodge

Campaigned against Wilson’s League of Nations, leading to the US never joining it