W2: LAB SAFETY

OSHA stands for?

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

CLSI stands for?

Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute

CDC stands for?

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

CAP stands for?

College of American Pathologist

TJC stands for?

The Joint Commision

Within the U.S. Department of Labor to set levels of safety
and health for all workers in the United States.

OSHA

Nonprofits educational organization that sets voluntary consensus standards for all areas of clinical laboratories

CLSI

Federal agency that carries out mandated public health laws and reporting requirements.

CDC

All Clinical Lab should have:

1.) Chemical Hygiene plan
2.) Exposure Control Plan
3.) Copy of MSDS

Two primary causes of accidents:

1.) Unsafe acts
2.) Unsafe environmental conditions

Safety equipment:

1.) Safety showers and eyewash stations
2.) Fire extinguishers
3.) Fume hoods
4.) Bio safety cabinets
5.) Complete PPE

Types of safety hazards:

• Biological

1.) Source:

• infectious agents
  

2.) Possible Injury:

• Bacterial, Fungal, Viral, or Parasitic infection

Types of safety hazards:

• Sharps

1.) Source:

• Needles

• Lancets

• Broken glass

2.) Possible Injury:

• Cuts/Punctures

• Blood born pathogen exposure

Types of safety hazards:

• Chemical

1.) Source:

• Preservatives and Reagents

2.) Possible Injury:

• Exposure to toxic, carcinogenic, or caustic agents

Types of safety hazards:

• Radioactive

1.) Source:

• Equipment and Radioisotopes

2.) Possible Injury

• Radiation exposure

Types of safety hazards:

• Electrical

1.) Source

• Ungrounded or wet equipment

• frayed cords

2.) Possible Injury:

• Burns or shock

Types of safety hazards:

• Fire/explosive

1.) Source:

• Bunsen burners

• Organic chemicals

2.) Possible Injury:

• Burns

• Dismemberment

These microorganisms are frequently present in the specimens received in the clinical laboratory.

Biological hazard

Blood and body fluid precautions should be consistently used for all patients.

CDC Universal Precautions (1987)

Specimens should be “_____” during centrifugation.

capped

Any blood, body fluid, or other potentially infectious material spill must be cleaned up using:

1.) Spill cleanup kit

2.) Common aqueous detergent

3.) 10% bleach using appropriate contact time

List the steps for cleaning a blood spill:

1.) Wear PPE
2.) Use forceps for discarding the broken glass on a sharps container
3.) Cover with absorbent paper towels
4.) Flood area with 10% bleach solution
5.) Let sit for 10 min.
6.) Clean up area with paper towels
7.) Dispose in Biohazard bag
8.) Repeat if necessary

OSHA Blood- Borne Pathogens standard requires written “_____________”

Exposure Control Plan

Categories of exposure:

• Daily exposure to blood and body fluids.

Category I

Categories of exposure:

• Regular exposure to blood and body fluids.

Category II

Categories of exposure:

• No exposure to blood and body fluids
  

Category III

Employers must offer _________ to all personnel (Category I and II)

HBV vaccine

What are the three curves of biohazard symbol stands for?

1.) Host
2.) Source
3.) Transmission

Chemical spills: When skin contact occurs, the best first aid is to ___________________________ for at least and then seek medical attention.

flush the area with large amounts of water

Chemical handling: Chemicals should never be _________ unless specific instructions are followed, and they must be added in the order specified. This is particularly important when combining _________.

1.) mixed together
2.) acid and water

OSHA also requires all facilities that use hazardous chemicals to have a _______________________ available to employees.

written chemical hygiene plan (CHP)

To entail appropriate work practices, Standard operating procedures, PPE, Engineering controls, such as fume hoods and flammable safety cabinets, Employee training equipment's and medical consultation guidelines.

CHP

Storage and Handling of chemicals:

• Classified according to flash point, the temperature at which sufficient vapor is given off to form an ignitable mixture with.

Flammable/Combustible Chemical

Storage and Handling of chemicals:

• Injurious to the skin or eyes by direct contact or to the tissue of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts if inhaled or ingested.

Corrosive chemicals

Storage and Handling of chemicals:

• Spontaneously explode or ignite or that evolve heat or flammable or explosive gases.

Reactive chemicals

Storage and Handling of chemicals:

• Materials that can cause cancers

Carcinogenic chemicals

Has developed the Standard System for providing codes and standard information about the chemicals/solutions.

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

Requires that all health-care institutions post evacuation routes and detailed plans to follow in the event of a fire.

Joint Commision Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO)

When a fire is discovered, all employees are expected to take the actions in the
acronym

• Rescue
• Alarm
• Contain
• Extinguish

Antipolo Central Fire Station (Bureau of Fire Protection Office) hotline

871-2865

Mayamot Sub-Station hotline

250-0497

Enumerate electrical safety:
1.) ______ malfunctioning electrical or mechanical equipment until serviced.
2.) Know how to knock a shocked person loose using a ________ material

1.) Lock-out or tag
2.) non-conductive

Radiation safety:

1.) All areas where radioactive materials are used or stored must be posted with ___________, and traffic in these areas should be __________________ only.
2.) Radiation monitoring utilizes ______________.
3.) Maximum permissible dose is ______________.

1.) caution signs
2.) restricted to essential personnel
3.) film badge or survey meter
4.) 5000 mrem/year whole body

Mechanical Hazards:

1.) Centrifuges: must be ______ to distribute the load equally. Never _________ until the rotor has come to a complete stop. ___________ on equipment should never be rendered inoperable.

1.) balanced
2.) open the lid
3.) Safety locks

Mechanical Hazards:

• help eliminate bumping/boil over when liquids are heated

Glass beads

Mechanical Hazards:

• disposed in OSHA-approved containers

Infectious sharps

4 basic waste disposal technique:

1.) Flushing down the drain
2.) Incineration
3.) Landfill burial
4.) Recycling

Chemical waste:
1.) Flush ______ substances down the drain with large quantities of water.
2.) Strong acids and bases should be ________ before disposal
3.) ______ chemicals should never be disposed down the drain

1.) water-soluble
2.) neutralized
3.) Foul smelling

Radioactive waste:

• Depends on the _________ (soluble or Non soluble), its ___________, and the ________ and half-life of the isotopes involved.

1.) type of waste
2.) level of radioactivity
3.) radiotoxicity

Biohazardous waste:

• All ____________ (EXCEPT ______) should be placed in appropriate containers labeled with biohazard symbol

1.) biological waste
2.) URINE

Biohazardous waste:

• May be discarded by pouring it into the lab sink.

• The sink should be flashed also with __________ the urine has been discarded.

• Decontaminate the sink by ________________.

• Incineration, inactivation, burial, chemical

1.) Urine
2.) water auer
3.) 1:5 or 1:10 dilution of sodium hypochlorite/ Bleach solution

Inactivation:

• Heat sterilization (250oC for 15 minutes)

• Ethylene Oxide (450-500 mg/L at 55-60oC )

• 2% Glutaraldehyde

• 10% hydrogen peroxide

• 5.25 hypochlorite (bleach)

• 10% (v/v with tap water) of common
  household bleach) / HBV (10 minutes), HIV (2 minutes)