Measurements and Calculations Fundamentals

Natural Number

A positive whole number without fractions.

Fraction

A number representing a part of a whole.

Mixed Number

A whole number combined with a fraction.

Proper Fraction

Numerator less than denominator.

Improper Fraction

Numerator greater than or equal to denominator.

Common Fraction

A fraction expressed as a/b format.

Decimal Fraction

A fraction with a denominator as a power of ten.

Percent

Represents a part per hundred, denoted by %.

Ratio

Comparison of two quantities, expressed as a:b.

Proportion

Equality of two ratios, expressed as A:B=C:D.

Significant Figures

Digits that carry meaning contributing to measurement accuracy.

Exponential Notation

Representation of numbers using powers of ten.

Coefficient

Number in front of a variable in scientific notation.

Exponent

Indicates how many times to multiply by ten.

USC - DOP

Principles governing operations with common fractions.

Reciprocal

The inverse of a number, 1/x.

Reducing Fractions

Simplifying fractions to lowest terms.

Moving Decimal Point

Shifts value by powers of ten.

Endless Decimal

Decimal that continues infinitely without repeating.

Final Zeros

Zeros after a decimal point that are significant.

Zeros as Placeholders

Zeros that do not affect the value of a number.

Direct Relationship

Proportional relationship where one quantity affects another.

Inverse Relationship

Relationship where one quantity decreases as another increases.

Common Fractions to Percent

Divide numerator by denominator, multiply by 100.

Decimal to Common Fraction

Write numerator over denominator, reduce if needed.