Period 2 IDs

Britain’s Colonization and Relationship with its Colonies (1607-1754)

motivations for settlement of British colonies

religious freedom and economic opportunities

Sir Walter Raleigh

the sponsor of the Roanoke colony

Lost Colony of Roanoke

The first attempted English settlement in North America, established in 1587 off the coast of present-day North Carolina, which mysteriously vanished by 1590, leaving behind only the word 'CROATOAN' carved into a post.

John Smith

the leader of the Virginia colony

John Rolfe

an English settler in Jamestown who introduced them to tobacco

joint stock companies

several organizations pooling their money into an investment so no one gains/loses all of it

Jamestown

first permanent British settlement

importance of tobacco

it became a cash crop that the Virginia government relied upon

Anglican Church

the English church that broke from the Catholics during Henry the Eighth’s rule

House of Burgesses

Virginia colony’s elected legislature

Pilgrims

Puritan Separatists led by Bradford

Mayflower Compact

a signed agreement by the Pilgrims to have a government based on majority rule

town meetings

where gov. decisions were made in New England colonies

Puritans

English Protestants who sought to purify the Church of England

John Winthrop

the leader of the Non-Separatist Puritans who led the Massachusetts Bay colony

“City upon a Hill”

Winthrop’s religious mission statement/vision for settlement

praying towns

areas established by Puritan leaders where Native Americans were forced to convert to Christianity & abandon Indigenous culture

William Bradford

leader of the Puritan Separatists

Great Migration

when 12000 Puritans made the trip to the Americas for religious toleration

Harvard University

oldest institution of higher learning in the United States, established in 1636 by the Puritan leadership of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

Covenant Chain

series of treaties between the Iroquois Confederacy and the colony of NY

Lord Baltimore

founder of the Maryland colony

Williams Penn

founder of the Pennsylvania colony

James Oglethorpe

founder of the Georgia colony

Roger Williams

founder of the Rhode Island colony (separation church/state, banned from Massachusetts)

Anne Hutchinson

a critic of Puritan leaders who was banished from Massachusetts

Pequot War

A conflict between British settlers in Massachusetts Bay and Natives over Pequot land (the army wiped them out)

Metacom’s War/King Philip's War

Metacom, a Wampanoag tribal leader got into a conflict with the British people encroaching on their land (Wampanoag ally with Algonquians against the British colonists and the Mohawk tribe)

Salem Witch Trials

a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts

headright system

each settler was offered 50 acres of land for each person’s passage they paid for

indentured servants

servants on a contract for a certain number of years, typically brought over from the Old World

Bacon’s Rebellion

Nathanial Bacon, a former indentured servant, rounded up people against Native Americans and the governor of Jamestown (ends usage of indentured servitude to avoid this happening again)

Great Awakening

revival of Christianity focused on idea that you don’t need priest/preacher for salvation

Navigation Acts

acts passed by the British Parliament to create a favorable balance of trade and become self-sufficient (eliminate foreign trade)

mercantilism

idea that wealth was finite and you had to take from others to gain

salutary neglect

British government did not enforce laws and colonies were left to their own devices

Dominion of New England

James II’s attempt to end salutary neglect and punish Northern colonies

Sir Edmund Andros

James II’s appointed leader of the Dominion of New England

Glorious Revolution

the bloodless overthrow of England's King James II in favor of William III and Mary II, establishing constitutional monarchy in Britain

Leisler’s Rebellion

A rebellion against the Dominion of New England where Jacob Leisler seized control of the southern portion of the NY colony and ruled it from 1689 to 1691

Zenger trial

Peter Zenger posted harsh criticisms of the colonial governor of NY and is accused of the crime of libel, but he was found not guilty (early steppingstone for modern freedom of press)

transatlantic print culture

the shared network of books, newspapers, pamphlets, and written materials exchanged across the Atlantic Ocean, which facilitated the spread of ideas, European news, Enlightenment thought, and religious movements between Great Britain and its American colonies.

Enlightenment ideals

Emphasis on rational thought, evidence-based practice, and Deism

American exceptionalism

belief that the US holds a unique and superior place among nations due to its founding principles of liberty and democracy

revival

parties to celebrate the great awakening

deism

the idea that God lets the universe operate according to natural laws (clock maker analogy)

Jonathan Edwards

A Great Awakening congregationalist who believed God was angry and humans had to do penance to avoid eternal damnation

George Whitefield

A Great Awakening preacher who believed God is all powerful and only saves those who profess belief in Jesus

Old Lights

Rationalists

New Lights

Revivalists

Halfway Covenant

allowed the children of baptized but unconverted church members to be baptized and thus become church members and have political rights

Protestant evangelism

Great Awakening form of Protestant Christianity that emphasizes personal conversion, emotional preaching, biblical authority, and active efforts to spread the faith