Acc English Fall Final Rev.

Analysis=

• CURIOSITIES: Things you find puzzling or intriguing

• REPETITIONS: Repeated images, words, phrases, settings, rhymes, etc.

• OPPOSITES: Contrasts like light/dark, good/evil or characters & settings

• LINKS: Connections/references to something outside text aka allusions

POV=

• FIRST-PERSON: “I”

• SECOND PERSON: “You” (directly addresses reader)

• THIRD PERSON: "he,” “she,” “they” ← has a narrator

Narrator POV:
- Omniscient: Knows every character’s thoughts
- Limited: Knows thoughts of 1 character
- Objective: Reports action & dialogue but does not know the thoughts of any character

Theme=

Writer’s universal message/lesson to audience

• NOT one word

• NO Vague (love is blind)

• DO NOT use “You”

Theme formula= Topic + Treatment = Result

Central idea=

Main idea of the work/what its mostly about

Characterization=

The way author brings a character to life

• DIRECT: Tall, mean, etc ← stated

• INDIRECT: Develops through dialogue, action, internal thoughts ← not stated

Plot & Conflict=

CONFLICT: Usually struggle between antagonist and protagonist
^^ Character vs. Character, Character vs. society, character vs. self, character vs. nature

PLOT: How author structures story
- story= what happens
- Setting: Establishes location, time period, etc
- “What are the conflicts and how are they resolved?”

Symbol=

Literary element that has literal & metaphorical meaning

• Slipper in Cinderella

• Dove → peace

• Heart → love

Language & Style=

Style: Language decisions author makes as they write

4 Components to style:
- Diction
- Syntax
- Figurative language
- Imagery

Diction=

Author’s word choice

• DENOTATION: Literal meaning (no associated meanings)

• CONNOTATION: Cultura;/emotional word associations

• EX: Home → Residence or saftey/comfort

Why does the author use that word?

Syntax=

How author strings words to form phrases, clauses, sentences

• Sentence length creates rhythm

• Declarative, fragment, interogative (?), exclamatory (!)

• Punctuation; run on → rambling

How does syntax emphasize author’s point?

Figurative language=

Phrases not to be taken literally

• Metaphor

• Simile

• Hyperbole

• Personfication

• Allusion

Metaphor=

Direct comparison between unalike things (does NOT use “like” or “as”)

EX: A heart of gold

Simile=

Comparison between unalike things (uses “like” and “as”)

EX: Cold as ice

Hyperbole

Deliberate exaggeration

EX: I’m so hungry, I could eat a horse

Personification

Human qualities to inanimate objects

EX: Wind howeled

Imagery

Appeals to readers senses

• Literal: The wind shook the trees

• Figurative: The trees danced with the wind

Tone

Way author presents idea (shows narrator’s feelings on subject)

• Positive Tone: Sentimental, light, sympathetic, joyful, vibrant

• Negative Tone: Angry, cold, condescending, sarcastic, detached

How to find:

• Consider author’s purpose (persuade, inform, entertain)

• Consider character’s feelings

• Consider you feelings

Rhetoric

Ability in a particular case to identify avalible means of perusation

Logos

Reason

• Statistical data, research, objective tone

How does the writer use evidence & logic to appeal to audience’s intelect?

Pathos

Emotion

• Can be evoked through descriptive & vivid language

How does the author appeal to audience’s emotions?

Are these strategies to gain sympathy or become overly sentimental/manipulative?

Ethos

Credibility

• Untrustworthy speaker → not persuasive

What values or concerns does the speaker share w/ audience?

How does the speaker establish their good character?

Counterargument

Opposing viewpoint
^^ Ignoring shows bias but addressing it shows ethos of reasonable and fair minded

Ad Hominem

Writer attacks opponents characater rather than their ideas

Bandwagon Appeal

Large number of people believe something so its true/right

Either-or Fallacy

Reduces options to 2 (eliminates middle ground or compromise)

^^ EIther everyone should ___ or no one should

Hasty Generalization

Conclusion drawn w/ insufficient evidence