chapter 1-4

Focuses on the therapeutic nurse–client relationship as the foundation of nursing practice, progressing through four phases.

Hildegard Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations

Emphasizes identifying and meeting the patient’s immediate need for help through observation, validation, and deliberate action.

Ida Jean Orlando’s Deliberative Nursing Process Theory

Views nursing as an interpersonal process aimed at helping individuals cope with illness, suffering, and find meaning through five relational phases.

Joyce Travelbee’s Human-to-Human Relationship Model

Focuses on providing culturally congruent care based on the patient's cultural values, beliefs, and lifeways.

Madeleine Leininger’s Transcultural Nursing Theory

The goal of nursing is to understand one’s own behavior and apply human relations principles to help others identify their felt difficulties.

Psychodynamic Nursing (Peplau)

A purposeful, patient-centered action based on a validated understanding of the patient's immediate need for help.

Deliberative Nursing Action (Orlando)

Care that is meaningful, beneficial, and fits the patient's cultural values and life patterns.

Culturally Congruent Care (Leininger)

A visual guide that illustrates the interrelationship between cultural and social structure factors influencing care and health.

The Sunrise Model (Leininger)

A dynamic state of well-being; includes both subjective health (personal sense of wellness) and objective health (absence of disease).

Health (Travelbee)

The phase where the patient utilizes the nurse's help and services and the nurse implements care and supports independence.

Exploitation Phase (Peplau)

Retaining or preserving the patient’s relevant cultural values and practices to maintain well-being.

Cultural Care Preservation/Maintenance (Leininger)

A major concept defined with four levels, ranging from mild (productive tension) to panic (loss of rational thought).

Anxiety (Peplau)

A qualitative research method used to study culturally-based care beliefs, values, and practices within a specific culture.

Ethnonursing (Leininger)

The initial meeting between nurse and patient, often influenced by first impressions or stereotypes.

Original Encounter (Travelbee)

According to Peplau, both the nurse and the patient mature through the therapeutic interaction.

True

Orlando's theory asserts that the patient's behavior can be a "cry for help."

True

Travelbee's theory primarily focuses on the nurse completing physical tasks for the patient.

False

Leininger’s theory states that care is the essence of nursing.

True

The Exploitation Phase of Peplau's model is equivalent to the Evaluation step of the Nursing Process.

False

The nurse's action in Orlando’s theory should be based on physician's orders, not the patient’s immediate needs.

False

Sympathy in Travelbee’s theory means the nurse develops a desire to alleviate the patient's suffering.

True

Cultural Care Repatterning involves adapting to or negotiating with the patient for culturally acceptable outcomes.

False

A nurse carefully observes a patient’s nonverbal distress, asks the patient, “Are you in pain right now?” and confirms the patient’s need before administering PRN pain medication. Which theory applies?

Orlando’s Deliberative Nursing Process Theory – The nurse is using validation and deliberate action to meet the immediate need for help.

A new oncology nurse spends time listening to a long-term cancer patient talk about how he found strength in his family's religious beliefs during chemotherapy. Which theory applies?

Travelbee’s Human-to-Human Relationship Model – The nurse is helping the patient find meaning in suffering and establish a genuine human connection.

A nurse reviews a patient's diet history and collaborates with the dietitian to integrate the patient’s traditional, non-harmful dietary practices into the hospital meal plan. Which theory applies?

Leininger’s Transcultural Nursing Theory – The nurse is using Cultural Care Accommodation or Negotiation to provide culturally congruent care.

A mental health nurse helps a patient who is expressing moderate anxiety to focus on their immediate concerns and begin basic problem-solving for their discharge plan. Which theory applies?

Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations – The nurse is guiding the patient through a recognized level of anxiety toward a common health goal (growth).

Which theory focuses on the interpersonal process as a sequence of five stages (Original Encounter, Emerging Identities, etc.)—Travelbee’s or Peplau’s?

Travelbee’s Human-to-Human Relationship Model.

Which theory emphasizes that all patient behavior is a "cry for help"—Orlando’s or Peplau’s?

Orlando’s Deliberative Nursing Process Theory.

Which theorist developed a visual aid called the "Sunrise Model"—Leininger or Travelbee?

Madeleine Leininger.

Which theory defines the purpose of nursing as helping others identify their "felt difficulties" and apply human relations—Peplau’s or Orlando’s?

Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations.

Which theory focuses on a professional, goal-directed relationship—Peplau’s or Travelbee’s?

Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations (though Travelbee also emphasizes a professional goal, Peplau's phases are explicitly goal-directed).

Which of Leininger's modes involves modifying or restructuring cultural patterns—Preservation or Repatterning?

Cultural Care Repatterning or Restructuring.