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organic compound
carbon-based molecules
isomer
compounds with the same structural formula but with different strucutral arrangements
hydrocarbon
an organic compound made of only carbons and hydrogens
functional group
specific groups of atoms that give each compound its unique properties (only part that reacts)
hydroxyl group
OH with single covalent bonds (alcohols)
carbonyl group
CO with double bonds (simple sugars)
carboxyl group
COOH with one single and one double bond (carboxylic acid from loss of H+ ion)
amino group
NH3 with three single bonds (H+ acceptor, amino acid with amino and carboxyl group)
phosphate group
PO4 with one double bond and three single bonds (negative charge, energy-rich compounds for energy transfer)
methyl group
CH3 with single bonds (gene expression)