Biodiversity and Life II

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10 Terms

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organic compound

carbon-based molecules

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isomer

compounds with the same structural formula but with different strucutral arrangements

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hydrocarbon

an organic compound made of only carbons and hydrogens

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functional group

specific groups of atoms that give each compound its unique properties (only part that reacts)

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hydroxyl group

OH with single covalent bonds (alcohols)

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carbonyl group

CO with double bonds (simple sugars)

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carboxyl group

COOH with one single and one double bond (carboxylic acid from loss of H+ ion)

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amino group

NH3 with three single bonds (H+ acceptor, amino acid with amino and carboxyl group)

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phosphate group

PO4 with one double bond and three single bonds (negative charge, energy-rich compounds for energy transfer)

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methyl group

CH3 with single bonds (gene expression)