intro/directional terms

Anatomy

internal and external structures
connect between different parts + their functions
observations of the body

What two types of study are part of microscopic anatomy?

cytology, histology

cytology

study of cells

histology

study of tissues

what are the two types of anatomy

microscopic and gross

What are the 3 subcategories of gross anatomy

surface, regional, systemic

surface anatomy

general anatomical form, superficial, palpable

regional anatomy

in specific areas of the body

systemic anatomy

organ systems of the body

list the levels (6) of organization from simple to complex

chemical/molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

what are the four elements that make up the body on a chemical/molecular level

C, H, O, N

What are the major classes of molecules in the body (in order from greatest to least)?

water, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates

What molecule is most prevalent in the body

water (66%)

cellular level

cells, the smallest living unit

tissue level

4 types: muscular, neural, connective, epithelial

organ level

made up of a combination of tissues

How many organ systems are there?

11

homeostasis

maintaining relatively constant environment suitable for cells, tissues, and organs

organs

failure to maintain homeostatic conditions

pathology

the study of disease

What is the language of anatomy used for (2)?

to communicate precise information

superficial anatomy

seen with the naked eye and can be used to indicate state of health

give an example of superficial anatomy

skin color, symmetry, markings, posture, movements

anatomical landmarks

prominent structures that are usually palpable 

anatomical position

standing, flat feet, hands at side, palm face forward

supine

body is lying on back, toes face up, palms up

prone

body is laying on back, toes down, palms down

what position is this?

anatomical position

superior/ cranial

towards the head

inferior/ caudel

toward the feet

anterior/ central

toward the front of the body

posterior/ dorsal

toward the back of the body

medial

toward the midline

lateral

toward the side of the body

superficial

staying toward the surface of the body

deep

further from the surface of the body

proximal

closer to the attachment point of the body

distal

closer to the fingers

sagittal plane

spits body into left and right

midsagittal plane

through the midline

parasagittal plane

not through the midline

transverse plane

horizontal, splits body into superior and inferior sections

frontal plane

splits the body into anterior and posterior sections

oblique plane

cuts body on a diagonal