ARCC BT REVIEWER MODULE 6: PAINTS

Paint

The solution of a pigment in water, oil, or organic solvent, used to cover wood or metal articles either for protection or for appearance

Architectural Paints

are air-drying materials applied by brush or spray to architectural and structural surfaces and forms for decorative and protective purposes

Commercial Paints

air-drying or baking-cured materials applied by brush, spray, or magnetic agglomeration to kitchen and laundry appliances, automobile, machinery, and furniture and used as highway marking materials

Industrial Paints

subdivided by their intended service: corrosion-resistant coatings, high temperature coatings, and coatings for immersion service

Pigment

gives the paint a colour, but also plays a role in its consistency, ease of application, drying ability, durability and hardness. Varnish has no _____

Vehicle

a liquid in which pigment is dispersed before being applied to a surface in order to control consistency, adhesion, gloss and durability

Binder

makes the coat of paint retain its structure, and binds it to the surface to which it is applied

Solvent

dissolves the paint to make it usable at normal room temperatures

Primer

are basecoats applied to a surface to improve the adhesion of subsequent coats of paint or varnish

Sealer

are basecoats applied to a surface to reduce absorption of subsequent coats of paint or varnish, or to prevent bleeding through the finish coat

Oil Paints

utilize a drying oil that oxidizes and hardens to form a tough elastic film when exposed to thin layer of air

Alkyd Paint

have as a binder an alkyd resin, such as chemically modified soy or linseed oil.

Latex Paint

have as a binder an acrylic resin that coalesces as water evaporates from the emulsion

Epoxy Paint

have an epoxy resin as a binder for increased resistance to corrosion, abrasion and chemicals.

Rust Inhibiting Paint

s are esp. formulated with anti-corrosive pigments to prevent /reduce the corrosion of metal surfaces.

Fire Retardant Paints

are especially formulated with silicone and polyvinyl chloride or other substance to reduce the flame spread of a combustible material.

Heat Resistant Paints

are specially formulated w/ silicone resins to withstand high temperatures

Intumescent Coatings

when exposed to the heat of a fire, swell to form a thick insulating layer of inert foam that retards flame spread and combustion

Stain

is a solution of dye or suspension of pigment in a vehicle, applied to penetrate and color a wood surface without obscuring the grain

Water Stain

a penetrating stain made by dissolving dye in a water vehicle.

Spirit Stain

a penetrating stain made by dissolving dye in an alcohol or spirit vehicle

Pigmented Stain

opaque stain is an oil stain containing pigments capable of obscuring the grain and texture of a wood surface

Oil Stain

made by dissolving dye or suspending pigment in a drying oil or oil varnish vehicle

Varnish

is a liquid preparation of a resin dissolved in an oil or in alcohol that when spread and allowed to dry forms a hard, lustrous and transparent coating.

Marine Varnish

is a durable, weather resistant varnish made from durable resins and linseed or tung oil.

Polyurethane

Varnish of exceptionally hard, abrasion resistant and chemical resistant varnish made from plastic resin of the same name.

Lacquer

Refers to any of various clear or colored synthetic coatings consisting of nitrocellulose or other cellulose derivative dissolved in a solvent that dries by evaporation to form a high gloss film.

Shellac

Spirit varnish made by dissolving purified lac flakes in denatured alcohol.

Blistering

Bubbles resulting from localized loss of adhesion and lifting of the paint film from the underlying surface

Blocking

Undesirable sticking together of two painted surfaces when pressed together (e.g., a door sticking to the jamb)

Burnishing

Increase in gloss or sheen of paint film when subjected to rubbing, scrubbing or having an object brush up against it.

Cracking/Flaking

The splitting of a dry paint film through at least one coat as a result of aging, which ultimately will lead to complete failure of the paint. In its early stages, the problem appears as hairline cracks; in its later stages, flaking occurs.

Foaming

or Cratering. Formation of bubbles (foaming) and resulting small, round concave depressions (cratering) when bubbles break in a paint film, during paint application and drying

Lapping

Appearance of a denser color or increased gloss where wet and dry layers overlap during paint application.

Mildew

Black, grey or brown spots or areas on the surface of paint or caulk.

Mud Cracking

Deep, irregular crack resembling dried mud in dry paint film

Sagging

Downward "drooping" movement of the paint film immediately after application, resulting in a uneven coating.

Surfactant Leaching

Concentration of water-soluble ingredients on the surface of a latex paint, typically on a ceiling surface in rooms that have high humidity (e.g., shower, bathroom, kitchen); may be evident as tan or brown spots or areas, and can sometimes be glossy, soapy or sticky.

Wrinkling

A rough, crinkled paint surface, which occurs when uncured paint forms a "skin."

Poor Print Resistance

Tendency of paint film to take on the imprint of an object that is placed on it (e.g., a shelf, table, window sill or countertop with books, dishes and other objects of them).

Alligatoring

Patterned cracking in the surface of the paint film resembling the regular scales of an alligator.

Chalking

Formation of fine powder on the surface of the paint film during weathering, which can cause color fading. Although some degree of chalking is a normal, desirable way for a paint film to wear, excessive film erosion can result in heavy chalking.

Dirt Pickup

Accumulation of dirt, dust particles and/or other debris on the paint film; may resemble mildew

Efflorescence

or Mottling. Crusty, white salt deposits, leached from mortar or masonry as water passes through it.

Frosting

A white, salt-like substance on the paint surface. Frosting can occur on any paint color, but it is less noticeable on white paint or light tints. On masonry, it can be mistakes for efflorescence

Paint Incompatibility

Loss of adhesion where many old coats of alkyd or oil-based paint received a latex top coat.

Peeling

Loss of paint due to poor adhesion. Where there is a primer and top coat, or multiple coats of paint, peeling may involve some or all coats.