5.3 Classification of biodiversity

Explain the types of biological classification.

1. Natural classification: Classifying by evolution origin.

   1. Binomial system: Universal system of names among biologists, agreed & developed at a series of congresses.

      1. Format: Genus species subspecies

      2. Evolution: Naming process (Nomenclature) — When a new species is discovered, it is given a scientific name using the binomial system.

   2. Taxonomy: Classifying using a hierarchy of taxa.

      1. Format: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species (kinky people come over for good sex (i’m sorry.))

         Nature:

         1. Domain to Genus = All species that have evolved from a common ancestor

         2. Species = Artificial classification

      2. Evolution: Taxonomists reclassify groups of species when new evidence shows that an existing taxon contains species from different ancestors.

2. Artificial classification: Classifying by characteristics.

   1. Dichotomous keys: Classifying guided by paired opposing statements & questions.

Considering that natural classification is more common, state the benefit of it.

Under natural classifications, all members of a group has a shared common ancestor → Can be used to predict characteristics shared by species within a group.

Explain how many and what domains there are.

3 domains: Bacteria, archaea, eukaryota

For taxonomy, classify 1 plant and animal species from domain to species level.

Plant - Garlic: Eukaryota, plantae, magnoliophyta, lilopsida, asparagales, amaryllidaceae, allium, allium sativum

Animal - Human: Eukaryota, animalia, chordata, mammalia, primates, hominidae, homo, homo sapiens

For taxonomy, classify the Kingdom Plantae into its different phyla.

Consider:

1. Structure

2. Reproduction

3. Vascular tissue

4. Examples

For taxonomy, classify the Kingdom Animalia into its different phyla.

Consider:

1. Symmetry

2. Digestive tract

3. Segmentation

4. Features

5. Examples

For taxonomy, classify the Subphylum Vertebreta into its different classes.

Consider:

1. Limbs

2. Gas exchange

3. Reproduction

4. Features