Hypothalamus, Pituitary, and Adrenal Glands

Flashcards covering key concepts related to hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal glands for exam preparation.

Hypothalamus

Group of nuclei in the brain that regulates various bodily functions such as hunger, thirst, and temperature.

Pituitary gland

A small gland located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone, responsible for producing and storing hormones.

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Also known as vasopressin, controls water balance in the body.

Oxytocin

Hormone produced by the hypothalamus; plays roles in reproduction and milk release.

Negative feedback mechanism

Regulatory process whereby a system is maintained at equilibrium by counteracting changes.

Growth Hormone (GH)

Hormone that regulates growth and metabolism, secreted by the anterior pituitary.

Prolactin (PRL)

Hormone that promotes milk production in mammals, stimulated by breastfeeding.

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Hormone that triggers ovulation in females and testosterone production in males.

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Hormone that stimulates the production of eggs in females and sperm in males.

Cortisol

A glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism and response to stress.

Aldosterone

A mineralocorticoid hormone that helps regulate blood pressure and fluid balance.

Diabetes Insipidus

A condition caused by a deficiency of ADH, leading to excessive thirst and urination.

Cushing's Disease

A condition caused by excessive cortisol secretion, usually due to a tumor.

Addison's Disease

A condition characterized by insufficient production of cortisol and aldosterone.