Development Nursing Exam #3

UPSONHI definition

the sequence of physical, psychosocial, and cognitive developmental changes that take place across the lifespan

Concept attributes

1) Physical/physiologic development

2) Motoric development

3) Cognitive development

4) Communication Development

5) Socal/Emotional Development

6) Adaptive Development

MIlesstone

significant point in development

• fall into one or more of the attributes of development

• culture has effect on developmental expectations

• always consider safety implication in relation to this

• a child beginng to crawl

growth

1) cephalocaudal - head to toe

2) proximodistal - midline to extremities

3) development is not the same as this

• height, weight, in young kids: head circumference

physical/physiologic development

growth and changes in body tissues, organ systems

• cellular differentiation, proliferation, maturation

• you’ll learn more about these in the physiologic concepts coming layer in the program

• physical growth is cephalocaudal and proximodistal

concept attributes (motoric development)

1) Gross motor - big muscles

2) FIne motor - small muscles

3) moves from simple to complex

• tummy time (strengthens neck)

• rolling over

• sitting up

• crawling

• standing

• walking

concept attributes (cognitive development)

1) working memory capacity

2) cognitive self-regulation

3) processing and using information from the environment

ceonept attributes (communication development)

1) speech

2) language

3) receptive language

4) expressive language

speech

spoken expression of language

• moves from simpling (babbling) to complex (full sentences)

• 9-12 months is first word of toddlers

language

sets of rules that allow sharing of thoughts, ideas, emotions

• culture implications important here

receptive language

can hear and understand what others say

expressive language

ability to express one’s own thoughts, ideas, etc…

concept attributes (social/emotional development)

1) Developmental of self-understanding

2) Understanding others

3) understanding social interactions

4) emotional regulation (develops forever)

concept attributes (adaptive development)

aquiring a range of skills that enable independence at home and in the community

• self care such as grooming, hygeine, feeding

• crossing the street, banking, driving a car

• skills needed are vulturally varied

scope of the concept

Delayed → expected → advanced

• the scope spans the entire life course from conception to death, and applies to each of the attributes both together and seperately

expected

be familiar with expected characteristics of growth and development across the lifespan

atypical (developmental delay)

when a child is continually behind in gaining skills expected by a certain age

atypical (global delay)

delay in more than one area/attribute

ex: a baby has not rolled over at 5 months

• a two year old who has one intelligible word

loss of developmental skills

developmental regression is the loss of previously acquired skills

• small, mild, temporary developmental regressions are common during times of stress

• evaluate multiple areas of development to look for a pattern

• need to look for the cause (these are not typical)

• interdiscipliary teams to support

ex: a child who was able to talk and no longer can

• an adult who can no longer manage tasks they previously could

Theoretical links

8 stages of social development across the lifespan

• environment is influential

• cognitive development

• an orderly, sequential process where new experiences must exist before intellectual abilities can develop

• development of one’s moreal reasoning

populations at risk

all populations, regardless of race, ethnicity, gender, age or social class, are at risk for impaired development

• pediatric populations have the higher risk because development is happenign quickly (prenatal, birth, individual, family, situational, SODH, toxic stress, health status)

context to nursing and health care

• early identification and intervention are critical

• the earlier the intervention, the better the outcomes

• interventions are case-specific

• management involves interdisciplinary collaboratin and communication

• nursing, medicine, PT, OT, Mental health, nutrition and more

care delivery

• communication and teaching strategies should be adapted to be developmentally appropriate for the patient

• observation and patient/caregiver interview

• every interaction is an oppurtunity to assess development

indepentdent interventions

1) safety is the highest priority across the lifespan

2) ADPIE - with a focus on supporting development

3) recognizing threats to development

collaborative interventions

1) working with all the members of the health care team to support development

2) primary preention whenever possible

3) secondary prevention using age and developmental-stage appropriate screening tools

4) tertiary prevention for ongoing support, especially when developmental differences/delay exist

pincer grasp

develops in children between 9-12 months

babbling

sounds babys make before their first words

• develops around 4-6 months

cooing

soft vowel-like sounds babys make

• develops around 2-3 months

cephalocaudal

a developmental pattern that progresses from the head torwards the tail or lower body

proximodistal

a developmental pattern that progresses from the center of the body outwards; torwards the extremeties

parallel play

stage in toddlers where they play with each other, directly interacting and sharing a common goal

associative play

a stage of play where children engage in shared activities, interacting with each other, sharing toys and materials, but without a clearly common goal or structured game

literal thinking/interpretation

At this stage, children often engage in what's called concrete operational thinking, a concept introduced by developmental psychologist Jean Piaget.

• during early ages of 4-7

Autism/autism spectrum disorder

is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects how individuals perceive the world and interact with others.