AVI101 Exam

What’s a line

Continuous mark made on a surface to define space, contours, outlines, & to suggest mass & volume. There are two types of lines: real line, & implied line.

Real Line

Implied Line

This type of line forces your brain to imply the line. - - - - - - - - - - - -

Shape

An enclosed space that may be organic, geometric, or freeform.

Organic Shape

In its natural form such as An Apple, or a Banana.

Geometric shape

Used in math or science such as a Circle, Square, or Triangle.

Freeform shape

Created by the artist such as a cloud.

Color

The character of objects created by light bouncing off a surface & reflecting in the eye.

Intensity

The brightness or dullness of a color.

Hue

The purity of the color.

Form

Three dimensional object that shows volume.

Texture

The quality of a surface, both tactile & visual.

Space

Indicates areas between, around, above, below, or within something (background, foreground, middle, ground, etc.).

Value

Lightness or darkness of an object. Used to indicate depth.

Balance

The equalization of elements (symmetrical, asymmetrical, radial)

Unity

The principles of design combined with the medium to create a sense of wholeness in a work of art.

Emphasis

To promote attention to certain objects, areas, or feelings.

Contrast

Opposites that emphasize (bring the best out of both worlds) each other

Pattern

Repeated motif

Movement

Can be implied (the viewers’ eye is led in a certain direction) or physical (an object is displayed in motion through lines coming from the moving object).

Rhythm

The path along which the eye follows a regular arrangement of motifs (no set pattern).

Proportion

part(s) being measured against each other for example the eye and the nose.

What are Still-Lifes?

Paintings in which there is an arrangement of inanimate objects such as food, plants, pots, & pans.

How does the eye see color?

1. When light hits an object, such as a lemon, the object absorbs some light and reflects the rest

2. Reflected light enters the cornea

3. The cornea bends light towards the pupil

4. The pupil controls the amount of light that hits the lens

5. The lens focuses the light on the retina

6. The Cones and Rods then send a signal along the optic nerve to the visual cortex of the brain

7. After the color is processed, you see color, in this case, yellow

What is the Cornea?

The cornea is the outermost layer of the eye

What is the Pupil?

The pupil controls the amount of light that hits the lens

What is a Lens?

The lens focuses the light on the retina

What is the Retina?

The retina is a layer of nerve cells in the back of the eye

What are Rod cells?

Rod cells are cells used to see in dim/low light

What are Cone cells?

Cone cells are cells used to see in bright environments

How many colors can the human eye see?

The human eye can see about 10 million colors

Are dogs color blind?

Dogs are not color blind. They can see color but their chromatic ability is worse than humans. This is for two reasons

1. dogs have fewer cone cells than humans in their retinas

2. dogs are dichromatic (they only see two primary colors such as blue, and yellow) whereas humans are trichromatic (they see 3 primary colors such as red, yellow, and blue)

What is Sir Isaac Newton’s experiment on Optics in 1704?

It was Newton’s experiment that showed that light is a compound of many primary colors which can be separated & mixed together to form additional colors at will. Newton called this the “inflexion” of light

What is diffraction?

diffraction is separating colors

Optics is the science of

light and how it interacts with the world

Optics explain how

- Rainbows exist

What’s the theory of Optics?

The theory of optics describes how when white light is sane through a triangular prism and the colors are reflected out the other side (Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo which is a blue mix of purple, and Violet which is a mix of purple and pink). When the light shone back through the prism, the colors recombined to form a beam of white light.

What’s Chiaroscuro?

It’s Italian for bright-dark. The effect was pioneered by Da Vinci. The effect focused on dramatic contrasts of light and shade. It’s Used to put people in the spotlight.

What’s Tenebroso

It’s Italian for dark-dark. It’s used to add suspense & create a sense of stillness. i.e. vintage movies.

What’s Color Discord

Color Discord is clashing colors such as orange, & pink. It’s used in advertisements to draw attention.

What’s Spectral Colors

Spectral Colors are the colors of the rainbow.

What’s Optical Color Mixing?

Optical Color Mixing is where dots are painted onto a canvas and when someone views it from far, those dots will blend in the mind and it’ll seem like the artist already mixed the colors when in reality there are just dots.

What are some warm colors?

Red, Orange, Yellow, Brown, Gold

What are some cool colors?

Blue, Green, Purple

What was Pablo Picasso’s first word?

It was Lapiz in spanish, in english it means pencil

What did Picasso say about children’s art?

Picasso said, “Every child is an artist. The problem is how to remain an artist once we grow up.”

What are the 2 Periods (categories) of Art that Picasso explored in his early stages of painting?

Blue Period, and the Rose Period

What’s the Blue Period?

In this period, Picasso explored using shades of blue to emphasize pain and anguish. The period occurred due to his bestfriend committing suicide leading to Picasso trying to outgrow the tragic event.

What’s the Pink Period?

In this period, Picasso explored using shades of pink and orange. The period occurred due to Picasso gaining a new inspiration, causing him to start the rose period.

What’s the mood conveyed in Picasso’s “Old Guitarist”?

The mood conveyed in the painting is anguish and pain. This is possible as the painting had only one color which was blue. The shades of blue make us feel cold, sad, and pain.

What ailment did Van Gogh suffer from?

Van Gogh suffered from the Manic Depression.

What painting technique did Van Gogh use?

Van Gogh used the Impasto Technique to paint.

What colors dominate Van Gogh’s “The Bedroom,” 1889?

The colors that are dominating are blue and green.

What mood is conveyed by the colours in Van Gogh’s “The Bedroom,” 1889?

The mood being conveyed by the painting is sadness and distress.

How does the mood conveyed by Van Gogh’s “The Bedroom,” 1889 reflect Van Gogh’s life?

This mood reflects van Gogh’s life as he was rejected many times and had a hard life, and he had Manic Depression which made it hard to get along with people.

Who’s Henry O’Tanner?

Henry O’Tanner is one of the most accomplished African-American artists of all time.

What two themes were important subjects for O’Tanner?

The two themes that are important subjects for O’Tanner are race, and religion.

What color techniques does O’Tanner use in “The Banjo Lesson”?

Henry O’Tanner uses blue to represent spirituality and joy. O’Tanner also yellow-orange in his paintings. He used blue and yellow-orange as the first layer to the painting.

What’s Tint?

When you add white to a color

What’s Shade?

When you add black to a color

What are the Neutrals?

Black, Grey, White

What’s Opaque?

Solid color you can’t see through

What’s Transparent?

See through color

What’s Translucent?

Color that can shine through for example: stained glass

What’s a primary color?

The three most pure colors such as: Red, Blue, Yellow

What’s a secondary color?

When we mix two primary colors such as: Orange, Purple, Green

What’s a tertiary color?

When we mix a Primary and a Secondary color such as: Red-Orange, Yellow-Orange, Red-Purple, Blue-Purple, Blue-Green, Yellow-Green. When naming Tertiary colors, you say the most pure color first for example in Red-Purple, Red is the most purest

What are the 8 acrylic painting techniques?

1. Transparent wash with lifting

2. Transparent wash, Semi-Transparent wash, Salt, Sand

3. Blocking/Taping, Salting, Opaque

4. Drybrush

5. Sponging

6. Scumbling

7. Sgraffito

8. Pointillism

What’s Transparent wash with lifting?

You wet the surface by adding paint to the brush and dipping the brush in water to create a wet surface. Then you use a wet tissue from a kleenex box and wet it. Dab the wet tissue on the wet surface to lift the wet paint

What’s Transparent wash, Semi-Transparent wash, Salt, Sand?

You paint the sunset background with a transparent wash. Then, dip the paint brush in paint then, soak the brush. Then, Paint the ocean with a semi-transparent wash. Then, add salt to the water. Finally, add sand to the beach

What’s Blocking/Taping, Salting, Opaque?

Add tape in the shape of a tree. Then, paint the sky and the grass for background. Then, Add salt. Then, Wait for the paint to dry then take the tape off

What’s Drybrush?

Peacock

What’s Sponging?

This is similar to the transparent wash with lifting except, you use a sponge to lift the paint. OR. You can add yellow paint to a sponge to an already made background of hills and make it seem like there is dandelions by dabbing it

What’s Scumbling?

scrubbing an undiluted, opaque, and generally pale pigment across others for special textural effects or to raise the key of a dark-coloured area.

What’s Sgraffito?

You paint a background, let it dry. Then, paint an object you want to texturize. While the paint is wet, use the back of the brush scratch off some of the paint

What’s Pointillism?

Adding little dots to make it seem like they’re all mixed together from a far

What’s Contrast?

Opposites the emphasize (bring the best out of both worlds) of each other

What’s Hue?

The purity of the color

What’s Analogous?

Colors that are adjacent to each other on the color wheel and share similar characteristics.

What’s Impasto?

A painting technique where paint is applied thickly to create texture and depth.

What’s Pigment?

Colored material used to give paint its hue.

What’s Triadic?

A color scheme involving three colors equidistant from each other on the color wheel.

What’s Complementary?

Colors opposite each other on the color wheel, which, when combined, produce neutral colors (e.g., red and green, blue and orange).

What’s Fresco?

A painting technique where pigments are applied to wet plaster, becoming part of the wall or surface as it dries.

What’s A Secco?

It is painting on dry plaster.

What’s Atmospheric Perspective?

When color appears paler towards the horizon.

What’s Tonality?

It’s the dominance of a single color, visual importance.

What’s Monochromatic?

A color scheme using variations in lightness and saturation of a single color.

What’s Colour Harmony?

when colors put together look aesthetically pleasing.

What’s figurative art?

any form of modern art that retains strong references to the real world and particularly to the human figure.

What’s the Sphinx?

The head of the fourth-century pharaoh Khafre was placed on the body of a reclining lion.

What are the rules of Ancient Egyptian tomb paintings?

1. Head in profile, eye looking at the viewer

2. Everyone looked young & fit - Broad shoulders, small waist (triangular shaped waist), & facing forward

3. Feet turned in profile (Sideways) to show movement

4. No foreground, middle ground, & background. They used registers to show space.

5. size of the person equaled status

6. The pharaoh was always the largest person and equal only to the Gods.

7. The Gods were depicted with animal face's

What are the 8 steps of Mummification?

1) Make an incision in the abdomen & drain all fluids so bacteria won't form.
Examples: Water, Urine, Blood
2) Remove all the organs (Kidneys, Liver, Lungs, Intestines, etc.) and put them in separate canapie Jars. The heart is left intact
3) Applied Natron (salty solution) to dry out the body
4) Stuff the body w/ sand or linen.
5) Apply resin to maintain a youthful appearance
6) Wrap each digit & the whole body throughout 15 days while a priest says prayers.
7) Place the body in a wooden coffin. Place that coffin in a stone sarcophagus which was highly carved & decorated
8) Leave the Book of the Dead next to the Pharaoh so the Pharaoh's Ka would have instructions on overcoming obstacles and achieving the afterlife.

What's Resin?

resin is kind of like honey which helps maintain the skin's youthful properties.

What's Natron?

A salty solution to help preserve the Pharaoh.

What's a canapie?

It's a type of jar used to store the organs of a Pharaoh.

What’s Special Subject Matter?

the focal point of an art piece, the form used to create it, and the intention behind the artist's creation.

What’s Sketching in Canadian Art?

the process of painting on a small canvas.

Who’s George Seurat?

• Painted “afternoon on la grande jatte“

• used pointillism

• was very mathematical and geometrical with his paintings