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why did the english people want to move to america?
new opportunities, land, religious freedom
what was a joint stock company? what role did it play in the settlement of jamestown?
a company where multiple shareholders jointly own stock (example: VA Company in Jamestown)
what was the “starving time” in Jamestown?
winter between 1609 and 1610 where many people starved to death because of the lack of crops
who was the leader in jamestown?
john smith
what was the relationship between the jamestown settlers and the native americans?
NA and jamestown settlers experienced lots of tension. there were constant battles/fights between the two groups. however, the two groups did trade and share goods amongst each other
what cash crops were found in the chesapeake?
tobacco
what cash crops were found in the carolinas and GA?
indigo and rice
what was the headright system in VA?
entitled to 50 acres of land per immigrant wen they settled in VA. plantation owners benefitted a lot from this w
what were the lives of indentured servants like?
lots of physical labor, often were taken advantage of and kept in a cycle of debt. they were slightly above slaves in status, but still lived a life of servitude. they would work for a certain number of years and then gain freedom.
why was there a shift from indentured servants to enslaved labor?
indentured servants began to live longer due to lower rates or mortality and obtained their freedom; enslaved people become more profitable since they were enslaved for life
how did the frist slave codes put slavery into law?
enslaved for life, mother was a slave = baby was a slave, christianity does not exempt them from being enslaved
what was the 1st legislative body in VA?
the house of burgesses
what happened in bacon’s rebellion? how did that lead to forced labor?
armed rebellion of former indentured led by virginian settlers after their governor refused to help them fight NA on the frontier; indentured servants were seen as a threat and encouraged move to enslaved laboras more beneficial and long-lasting
why did enslaved people identify with christianity?
exodus story, emphasis on equality
who sailed on the mayflower?
the pilgrims
what was the mayflower compact?
a set of rules for self-goverance by the pilgrims when they came to america
what is the difference between the pilgrims and the puritans?
pilgrims were separatist; the puritans wanted to purify anglican church, not separate
who was john winthrop? what does “city upon a hill” mean?
the first governor of the early puritan MA bay colony who established the idea of community that acts as a model for others
what was the economy like in MA?
small farms, trade
who was roger williams? why was he banned from MA bay colony?
was a puritan who was banished from MA bay colony in 1636 for opposing religion and supporting separations for church and state
who was anne hutchinson? why was she banned from MA bay colony?
was a puritan woman who was banned from the MA bay colony for preaching that God revealed himself directly to her
what were the salem witch trials?
they were a group of trials in salem, MA where many women were found guilty of witchcraft
what happened in king philip’s war?
natives fought against new englanders and indigenous allies; new englanders won
what was the maryland toleration act?
tolerance of all christian religions
what colonial region was the most diverse? why?
middle colonies - more diverse groups settled there, freedom of religion guaranteed, diverse economy of farming and trade
who founded PA? why?
william penn founded PA for the quakers
what are the navigation acts?
emphasizes colonies’ role in mercantile system - colonies could only trade with GB, had to use GB boats, could not manufacture; they violated these often
what is salutary neglect?
as long as the american government made money, britain ignored what they did and did not enforce navigation acts
what was the triangle trade route?
it was a route used for trade between africa, europe, and the americas
what was the middle passage?
was used to forcibly transport slaved to north america/new world across the atlantic ocean. it was part of the triangle trade route
when did the atlantic slave trade end?
1808
what forms of resistance was used by enslaved people?
they broke tools and pretended to be sick so they wouldnt have to work, ran away, rebellions
what happened in the stono rebellion?
the largest slave rebellion in SC where a large number of slaved killed the slave owners, but was put down
what was the enlightenment?
age of reason; emphasized science, logic, and philosophyhow
how did the enlightenment help lead to the revolution?
enlightenment ideals of religious and political freedom influenced american colonists to question the role of the king and themselves as colonies; john locke’s ideas of rebelling against a repressive government influenced jefferson
what was the 1st great awakening? how was it a reaction to the enlightenment?
the great awakening brought religion back into society through stressing emotional connection with God. this was a reaction to the enlightenment because the enlightenment was a movement that involved reason
who are jonathan edwards and george whitefield?
jonathan edwards delivered sermons to scare ‘lazy"‘ puritans back into their religious way. whitefield preached about the great awakening too.
which religious groups developed because of the great awakening?
lutherans, baptists
how did the great awakening help lead to the american revolution?
focus on how the individual can achieve salvation, more emphasis on the rights of the individual person, questioned authority of ministers
what is anglicization? how did the colonies still resemble england?
the colonies still resemble england because of the language and the main religion; emphasize connection to england through print culture and religion