AP Bio Unit 1 + Stats

Additional Notes

Big Idea 1: Evolutionary Change

• all living organisms have evolved from the same origin event

• diversity of life is a result

Evolutionary Conservation

• critical characteristics of early organisms are preserved and passed down

  • Energy use (ATP)

  • DNA

  • RNA

Big Idea 2: Biological systems utilize energy

• energy flows through an ecosystem (enter as light, leave as heat)

• organisms use energy to preform work

First Law of Thermodynamics - Law of Conservation

Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only change forms

Second Law of Thermodynamics - Law of Disorder

Everything in the universe is going from order to disorder

• unless you add energy to it

• something becomes disorders to make something else ordered

Big Idea 3

Living systems store, retrieve, transmit, and respond to information essential to life processes

Characteristics of life (7)

• cells

• ordered complexity

• grow, develop, and reproduce

• energy utilization

• sensitive to stimuli

• homeostasis

• evolutionary adaptation

Taxonomy order

Domain

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

*all can have sub-

How to write scientific name

Genus species

Hypothesis

Prediction that can be tested

• if… then…

• can either be supported or refuted

  • NOT correct or incorrect

Null Hypothesis

IV will have NO effect on DV

• used to get rid of experimental bias

Experiment

only tests one independent variable at a time

-test and control

Data

Quantitative and Qualitative

Conclusion

statement that supports or rejects hypothesis

claim evidence reasoning

support with data

make recommendations for future study

theories

based on scientific observation

• thought to be true at the time

• could have new advancements

Major Concepts and Scientific Laws

remain intact

Statistical analysis

used to collect a sample size of data which can infer what is occurring in gen. pop.

Normal Distribution

bell curve

Standard Error of mean

determines confidence in sample mean

SE = (standard deviation)/(sqrrt(n))

Standard deviation