Chromosomal basis

Genes are located on

chromosomes

homologous chromosomes each hace

allele of a given gene at the same locus

LAW of segregation

the 2 alleles for each gene seperate

LAW of independent assortment

alleles of genes on nonhomologous chroosomes assort inde[endently

Traits alternative to the wild type are

mutant phenotype

correlating behavior of a genes alleles with

behavior of a chromosome pair

Mendelian inheritance has ita physical basis in he

behavior of chromosomes

sex-linked genes exhibit unique

patterns of inheritance

humans and other mammals have 2 types of sex chromosomes

A larger X chromosomes and a smaller Y chromosome

A person with 2 X chromosomes develop as a ___ while a ___ develops from a zygote with one X and one Y

female, male

Short segments at the end of the y chromosomes are ___ allowing the 2 to hehave like homologs during meiosis in males

homologs with the X

A gene on the ______ is responsible for development of the tests in a embryo

Y chromosomes called SRY(sex-determining region ofn the Y)

A gene that is located on either sex chromosome is called a

sex-linked gene

genes on the y chromosome are called

y-linked genes

only ___ genes, coding for about ___ proteins, have been identified oron the huan ___

78, 25, y chromosome

genes on the x chromosome are called

x-linked genes

the huan X chromosome contains about

1,100 genes

some disorders caused by recessibe alleles on the xchromosome in humans

color blindness, hemophilia, male pattern baldness

in mammalian femals, 1 of the two x chromosomes in each cell is randonly

inactivated during embyonic development

the inactive x during enbryotic development is called

Barr body

if a femal is heterozygous for a particular gene located on the x chromosome she will be a

masaic for the character

linked genes tend to be inherited together because they are

located near each other on the same chromosome

each chromosome has hundreds of thousands of

genes(except y chromosome)

genes that are located on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together and are called

linked genes

recombination of unlinked genes

independent assortment of chromosomes

nonparental phenotypes were also produced in the

testcross

this involves ____ the product of offspring with combinaions of the differing from either parent

genetic recombination

offspring with a phenotype matching 1 of the parental(P) phenotypes are

parental types

offspring with non parental phenoypes(new combinations f traits) are called

recombinant types or recombinants

That mechanism was the ___ of homologous chromosomes

crossing over

alterations of chromosome number or structure cause some

genetic disorders

LArge scale of chromosomal alterations in humans and other mammals often lead to

spontaneous abortions or cause variety

Plants tolerate such ____ better than animals do

genetic changes

In ___ pairs of homologous chromosomes or chromatids do not ____

nondisjunciton, seperate normanlly during meiosis

___results from the fertilization of gametes in which nondisjuncitonoccured

aneuploidy

A __ ZYGOTE HAS ONLY 1 COPY pf a particular chromosome

monosome

A ___ zygote has 3 copies of a particualr chromosome

trisomic

___is an aneuploid condition that results from three copies of chromosome 21

down syndrome

nondisjunction of sex chromosomes produces a variety of

aneuploid conditions

klinefelter syndrome is the result of an extra

chromosome in a male producing XXY individuals

Monosome x, called turner syndrome produces

x o females, who are sterile

___is a condition in which a organism has more than 2 complete sets of chromosome s

polyploidy

Triploidy( _ )is

3n, 3 sets of chromosome s

tetraploidy() is

4n, 4 sets of chromosomes

polyploidy is common in ___ but not ___

plants, aniamls

polypolidy are more normal in appearance than

aneuploids

breakage of a chromosome can lead to 4 types of changes in chrmosome structure

deletions, inversion, translocation, duplication

A deletion removes a

chromosomal segment

A inversion reverses a

segment with a chromosome

A duplication repeats a

segment

A translocation moves a

segment from 1 chromosoem to a nonhomologous chromosoem

the syndrome cri du chat results from a

specific deletion in chromosomes

human disorders due to

chromosomal alteration

alterations of chromosome number and structure are associated with some serious

disorders