chem finals hahahahahahah!!!!!

aldehydes

a carbonyl containing organic compound which the carbonyl atom has at least 1 hydrogen atom directly attached to it

CHO

functional group of aldehyde

RCHO

aldehyde

gases

c1 and c2 aldehydes are ____ at room temperature

liquids

c3-c11 aldehydes are ______

solids

higher aldehydes are _____

KMnO4 or K2Cr2O7

Preparation of Aldehydes can be prepared by oxidizing primary alcohol with mild oxidizing agents such as?

oxidation

aldehydes readily undergo oxidation to carboxylic acid

tollen’s test

silver mirror test

• tollen’s test

• benedicts test

test used in oxidation (aldehydes)

reduction

reduced by hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst to form 1⁰ alcohol

hemiacetals

an organic compound in which a carbon is bonded to both a hydroxyl group (-OH) and an alkoxy group (-OR)

formaldehyde

simplest aldehyde

formalin

common name of formaldehyde

acetaldehyde

common name of ethanal

acetaldehyde

used in the production of synthetic rubber

butanal

constituent in the aroma of fresh bread

benzaldehyde

oil bitter almond

acrolein

other name for propenal

Ketones

a carbonyl containing compound in which the carbonyl C atom has two other C atoms directly attached to it

RCOR

ketones

acetone

simplest ketone

acetone

used as solvent, and nail polish remover

testosterone

male sex hormone

progesterone

female hormone

cortisone

hormone produced by adrenal gland

muscone

odorous component of musk

carboxylic acid

organic compound whose functional group is the CARBOXYL group, which is a carbonyl group with a hydroxyl group bonded to the carbonyl C atom

monocarboxylic acids

formed by taking the latin or greek root name for the specific number C atoms and appending the suffix -ic acid

benzoic acid

simplest aromatic carboxylic acid is called?

carboxylic acid

most polar organic compound

esters

a carboxylic acid derivative to which the –OH portion of the carboxyl group has been replaced with an –OR group

Esterification

esters prepared by _____

cyclic esters

hydroxyl acid compound which contain both a hydroxyl and carboxyl group

lactones

cyclic esters or ____

ester hydrolysis

ester react with water producing carboxylic acid and alcohol

ester saponification

hydrolysis of an organic compound under basic condition in which a carboxylic acid salt is 1 of the products

Pheromones

attractant

medications

anesthetics and counterirritant

amides

A carboxylic acid derivative in which the carboxyl –OH group has been replaced with an amino or substituted amino group.

primary amides

two hydrogen atoms are bonded to the amide nitrogen atom. Also called as unsubstituted amide

secondary amides

an alkyl or aryl groups and a hydrogen atom are bonded to the amide nitrogen (monosubstituted amide)

tertiary amides

two alkyl or aryl groups and no hydrogen atoms are bonded to the amide nitrogen atom (disubstituted amide)

lactams

cyclic amides

1⁰ amide

ammonia + carboxylic acid

2⁰ amide

1⁰ amine + carboxylic acid

3⁰ amide

2⁰ amide + carboxylic acid

basic hydrolysis

produces carboxylic acid salt and amine

acidic hydrolysis

produces carboxylic acid and amine salt

amide hydrolysis

_______ in neutral solution

amine

An organic derivative of ammonia in which one or more alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl groups are attached to the Nitrogen atom

primary amine

an amine in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to 1 hydrocarbon group and 2 hydrogen atoms (RNH2)

secondary amine

an amine in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to two hydrocarbon groups and 1 hydrogen atom (R2NH)

tertiary amine

an amine in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to 3 hydrocarbon groups and no hydrogen atom (R3N)

ammonia

Methylamines and ethylamines are gases at room temperature have _____ like odor

raw fish

Other amines are liquids and have odor resembling ______