Biology- Circulatory and Respiratory

Arteries

Oxygen rich blood, or oxygenated blood is carried away from the heart is large blood vessels called arteries.

Capillaries

These are microscopic blood vessels where the exchange of important substances or waste occurs.

Veins

Carry oxygen poor blood, or deoxygenated blood, back to the heart.

Valves

Structures in veins that prevent backflow of blood, ensuring it flows toward the heart.

Heart

The muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body, supplying oxygen and nutrients while removing carbon dioxide and waste.

Pacemaker/ SA Node Sino Atrial

A group of cells located in the right atrium that regulate the heartbeat by sending electrical signals to stimulate contractions.

Plasma

The clear yellowish liquid component of blood that makes up about 55% of its volume, transporting cells, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.

Red blood cells

These cells are responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs.

Platelets

Cell fragments involved in blood clotting.

White blood cells

These are the body’s disease fighters, and are produced in the bone marrow.

Breathing

This is the mechanical movement of air into and out of your lungs.

External respiration

This is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood, which occurs in the lungs.

Internal respiration

This is the exchange of gases between the blood and the body’s cells.

Trachea

This is the tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi, serving as the main airway for air to enter and exit the lungs.

Bronchi

The two main branches of the trachea that lead into each lung, allowing air to pass to and from the lungs.

Lungs

The organs that facilitate gas exchange in the respiratory system, allowing oxygen to enter the bloodstream and carbon dioxide to be expelled.

Alveoli

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs, allowing oxygen to diffuse into the blood and carbon dioxide to be removed.

Cilia

Microscopic hair-like structures that line the respiratory tract, helping to trap and transport particles and debris out of the airways.

Diaphraphm

A dome-shaped muscle located at the base of the thoracic cavity, playing a crucial role in respiration by contracting and relaxing to facilitate inhalation and exhalation.

Exhale

Relax and become smaller to expel air from the lungs.

Inhale

The process by which air is taken in in which the diaphragm contracts and expands.