chapter 1 microbiology new

Which domain contains the classic prokaryotic cells encountered in clinical microbiology?

Bacteria

Which domain contains microorganisms that commonly grow under extreme environmental conditions and lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls?

Archaea

The bacterial plasma membrane is primarily composed of

Phospholipids and proteins

Which component of the gram-negative outer membrane allows water-soluble molecules to enter?

Porins

The lack of a rigid cell wall in Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma results in

Pleomorphism

A bacterium with multiple flagella arranged in a tuft at one end is described

Lophotrichous

Eukaryotic ribosomes are classified as:

80S

In the acid-fast stain, acidified alcohol functions as the:

Decolorizer

Which stain is used to demonstrate chitin in fungal cell walls?

Calcofluor white

Malachite green is used in which type of stain?

Endospore stain

Which stain is particularly useful for locating bacteria in blood cultures when bacteria may be difficult to see?

Acridine orange

A specimen cannot be cultured immediately after collection. Which medium should be used to maintain the organism until culturing can occur?

Transport medium

What is the generation time of a bacterial population?

Time required for one cell to become two

Which type of metabolism uses an organic compound as the final electron acceptor?

Fermentation

During aerobic respiration, the final electron acceptor is

Molecular oxygen

Which of the following is NOT one of the three major pathways from glucose to pyruvic acid listed in the PowerPoint?

Krebs cycle

Which fermentation pathway produces lactic acid, carbon dioxide, alcohols, formic acid, and acetic acid?

Heterolactic

What is the function of β-galactosidase?

Breaks the galactoside bond

Which nitrogen-containing base is found in DNA but replaced by uracil in RNA?

Thymine

Which base-pairing arrangement is correct for DNA?

A = T and C = G

Which process produces RNA from DNA?

Transcription

What are plasmids?

Components of the cell wall

A mutation involving a change in one nucleotide base is called a

Point mutation