Alzheimer Disease Pharmacology: Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists

Flashcards covering the pharmacology and nursing considerations for Alzheimer disease medications, specifically acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists.

Alzheimer disease

The most common cause of dementia where medications are used to mitigate symptoms and improve quality of life.

Acetylolonsterase inhibitors

A class of Alzheimer medications that include rivastigamine, galantamine, and donpazil.

NMDA receptor antagonists

A class of medications, including mamantene, that work by blocking Nmethyl Daspartate receptors in the brain.

Rivastigamine

An acetylolonsterase inhibitor that can be administered orally or via a transdermal patch.

Galantamine

A medication belonging to the class of acetylolonsterase inhibitors, taken orally.

Donpazil

An orally administered medication used for Alzheimer disease that acts as an acetylolonsterase inhibitor.

Acetylolonsterase

An enzyme that normally breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, targeted for inhibition in Alzheimer treatment.

Acetylcholine

A neurotransmitter that builds up in the synaptic cleft when its breakdown enzyme is inhibited, helping to improve Alzheimer symptoms.

Synaptic cleft

The area where acetylcholine builds up to cause increased and prolonged effects during treatment with acetylolonsterase inhibitors.

Colonurgic side effects

Side effects caused by increased acetylcholine levels, including meiosis, blurred vision, headaches, and dizziness.

Meiosis

A side effect of increased acetylcholine levels characterized by the constriction of the pupil of the eye.

Dispnnea

A breathing manifestation that can occur when acetylcholine triggers bronco constriction and increased bronchial secretions.

Bradycardia

A slowing of the heart rate that can occur when acetylcholine affects the cardiovascular system.

Heart block

A cardiovascular system condition that can result from the intake of acetylolonsterase inhibitors.

Hypotension

Reduced blood pressure that can occur as a side effect of acetylcholine's effects on the heart.

Increased motility

A gastrointestinal effect of acetylolonsterase inhibitors leading to symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Involuntary defecation

A potential gastrointestinal side effect caused by increased secretions and motility from medication.

Gastrointestinal bleeding

A serious potential side effect in the digestive tract associated with acetylolonsterase inhibitors.

Sphincter relaxation

A urinary tract response to acetylcholine that, along with bladder muscle stimulation, causes a sense of urgency.

Settle colonase inhibitors

A variant spelling for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors used in contexts concerning contraindications like urinary obstruction.

Epilepsy

A condition where acetylolonsterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists should be used with caution due to seizure history.

Peptic ulcer disease

A contraindication for the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors relating to the digestive system.

Hippatic impairment

A condition of the liver that requires caution when prescribing Alzheimer medications like mamantene.

Renal impairment

A condition of the kidneys that necessitates baseline assessment and cautious use of Alzheimer medications.

Mamantene

The most common NMDA receptor antagonist, which is taken orally to treat Alzheimer disease.

Nmethyl Daspartate

The full name of the NMDA receptors in the brain that are blocked by medications like mamantene.

Glutamate

A neurotransmitter that, when present in excessive amounts, binds to NMDA receptors and causes neuronal damage.

Calcium influx

The process by which excessive glutamate allows calcium into cells, causing neuronal damage and cellular death.

Agitation

A common side effect specifically associated with the use of NMDA receptor antagonists.

Baseline assessment

A preliminary evaluation including weight, vital signs, and organ function performed before administering medications.

Activities of daily living

Functional abilities that must be assessed along with cognitive and behavioral status before starting therapy.

Position changes

Actions that should be made slowly by the client to manage common side effects like dizziness and drowsiness.

Ambulation

The act of walking, for which clients are advised to use caution due to medication side effects.

Gastric upset

A condition reduced by teaching clients to take acetylcholinesterase inhibitors with food.

Oral solution dispenser

The specific tool provided with the liquid form of an NMDA receptor antagonist for proper administration.

Room temperature

The required storage condition for NMDA receptor antagonist medications in a dry place.

Alkaline urine

A condition that reduces the body's clearance of NMDA receptor antagonists.

Urine pH

A value that should be maintained within normal limits through a balanced diet to ensure proper medication clearance.

Bronospasm

A respiratory side effect of acetylolonsterase inhibitors listed alongside nausea and bradycardia in the summary.

Cardiac function

An assessment parameter that must be periodically monitored during Alzheimer treatment.

Respiratory function

An aspect of health that must be evaluated at baseline and monitored periodically during medication therapy.

Drowsiness

A common side effect shared by both acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists.

Transdermal patch

A delivery method for rivstigmine used as an alternative to oral administration.

Synaptic build-up

The accumulation of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft intended to improve symptoms of Alzheimer disease.

Neuronal damage

The physical harm to brain cells caused by excessive calcium influx, which NMDA receptor antagonists aim to prevent.

Cellular death

The final stage of neuronal damage in the brain that NMDA receptor antagonists help limit.

Urinary urgency

A symptom the client should report to their health care provider right away if it develops during treatment.

Memory and reasoning

Specific cognitive functions that are assessed to determine the effect of Alzheimer medications.

Weight

A physical measurement that should be established at baseline and monitored periodically throughout treatment.

Dizziness

A side effect that, along with drowsiness, makes caution with ambulation necessary for patients.