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Blood
A type of connective tissue made up of plasma and formed elements.
Plasma
Liquid part of blood, mostly water, constituting 55% of blood volume.
Formed elements
Constitutes 45% of blood and includes red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Platelets (Thrombocytes)
Small cell fragments from bone marrow that help in clotting (hemostasis) to stop bleeding.
White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
Cells that fight infections and protect the body.
Granulocytes
Type of white blood cells that have granules, including Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils.
Agranulocytes
Type of white blood cells that do not have granules, including Lymphocytes and Monocytes.
Neutrophils
Most common type of white blood cell; fights bacterial infections.
Lymphocytes
White blood cells that help with immunity; B cells make antibodies, T cells kill infected cells.
Monocytes
Largest type of white blood cell; turns into macrophages to clean up infections.
Eosinophils
White blood cells that fight allergies and parasites.
Basophils
White blood cells that release histamine to trigger inflammation.
Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
Cells that carry oxygen (O₂) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) using hemoglobin.
RBC Lifespan
100-120 days, after which they are broken down in the spleen and liver.
Blood Clotting (Coagulation)
Process where platelets stick to injury, and prothrombin turns into thrombin, converting fibrinogen into fibrin.
Fibrin
Forms a mesh to trap RBCs and create a clot.
Universal Donor
Blood type O- (no antigens).
Universal Recipient
Blood type AB+ (no antibodies).
Rh Factor
If present, blood type is positive (+); if absent, negative (-).
Anemia
Condition of low RBCs or hemoglobin, leading to tiredness and pale skin.
Polycythemia
Condition of too many RBCs, leading to thick blood and high blood pressure.
Leukocytosis
Condition of high WBC count, indicating a sign of infection.
Leukopenia
Condition of low WBC count, resulting in a weak immune system.
Leukemia
Cancer of WBCs characterized by the uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells.
Atherosclerosis
Condition of fat buildup in blood vessels, which can cause heart disease.
