Pharm 2 EXAM 1 Review Flashcards

Vocabulary and key clinical concept flashcards covering psychotropic drugs, seizure medications, Parkinson's treatments, and ICU paralytics based on the Pharm 2 Exam 1 transcript.

Fluoxetine (Prozac)

An SSRI prototype used for MDD that may cause serious adverse effects including arrhythmias, prolonged QTc interval, and suicidality, as well as common effects like insomnia, nausea, and decreased libido.

Serotonin Syndrome

A condition characterized by symptoms where 'everything goes up,' including high blood pressure, agitation, hyperreflexia, tachycardia, muscle rigidity, and tremors; a skin rash on SSRIs can be an early sign.

Venlafaxine

An SNRI medication that requires monitoring for hypertension, low sodium, suicidal thoughts, and angle-closure glaucoma symptoms such as eye pain or vision changes.

Phenelzine

An MAOI used for difficult-to-treat depression that requires avoiding tyramine-containing products like aged cheese and must not be combined with other antidepressants.

Bupropion

An atypical antidepressant used for depression that lowers the seizure threshold and should be questioned if the patient has a history of seizures.

Amitriptyline

A tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) that can cause irregular heart rhythms, syncope, prolonged QTc interval, dry mouth, and bradycardia.

Lithium

A mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder where toxicity is indicated by tremors, EKG changes, lethargy, and slurred speech; requires consistent sodium and water intake.

Valproic acid

A medication for seizures and bipolar disorder that can cause liver toxicity, evidenced by right-upper abdominal pain, jaundice, and yellow sclera.

Lamotrigine (Lamictal)

Used for bipolar disorder and seizures; a rash on the torso is a major warning sign that must be reported to the provider immediately.

Chlorpromazine

An antipsychotic prototype for schizophrenia that can cause extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) and where urinary retention is considered an emergency.

Risperidone

An antipsychotic that may cause gynecomastia in men and rapid weight gain of $2$-$5$ lb/week; patients should rise slowly to prevent orthostatic hypotension.

Aripiprazole (Abilify)

An antipsychotic used for schizophrenia; nurses should assess for EPS findings like muscle stiffness, pseudoparkinsonism, dystonia, and tardive dyskinesia.

Phenobarbital

A barbiturate used for seizures and sedation whose most serious adverse effect is respiratory depression.

Diazepam

A benzodiazepine where 'everything goes down' (respirations, BP, alertness); it must not be taken with alcohol and may interact with ciprofloxacin to affect QTc.

Zolpidem (Ambien)

A nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic for insomnia to be taken only at bedtime; patients should avoid alcohol and driving if morning grogginess occurs.

Ramelteon

A melatonin agonist for sleep that should be avoided or closely monitored in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) due to breathing risks.

Levetiracetam (Keppra)

Used for seizure prevention (not active seizures); patients must not stop it abruptly and should report severe mood changes.

Gabapentin

A medication used for neuropathic pain and adjunct therapy for anxiety; the main adverse effect to remember is drowsiness.

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

A hydantoin for seizure management that interacts with warfarin to increase bleeding risk and requires maintaining good oral hygiene due to dental problems.

Carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet)

A Parkinson's medication that should not be taken with high-iron foods like red meat and shellfish, as they lower drug absorption.

Amantadine

A dopaminergic Parkinson's medication associated with the skin finding or eye-related term livedo reticularis.

Baclofen

A CNS-acting muscle relaxant for MS spasticity; patients should avoid OTC antihistamines due to additive sedative effects.

Neostigmine

A medication for Myasthenia Gravis that increases muscle strength by increasing acetylcholine; therapeutic success is marked by improved limb movement.

Cholinergic Crisis

A state of too much acetylcholine resulting in muscle weakness, increased salivation, diarrhea, bradycardia, and low blood pressure.

Pancuronium

A neuromuscular junction blocker used in the ICU that paralyzes respiratory muscles, requiring mechanical ventilation and close monitoring of breath sounds and O2 saturation.

Succinylcholine

A depolarizing paralytic that causes initial brief muscle contractions followed by paralysis; it requires close monitoring of potassium levels to prevent cardiac arrest.

Dantrolene

The treatment for malignant hyperthermia characterized by temperatures $> 104^{\circ}F$ and muscle rigidity; it works by lowering temperature and decreasing rigidity.

Lidocaine Toxicity

A condition characterized by periorbital numbness, tinnitus (ringing in ears), and potential cardiac arrest, though it does not cause hypotension.

Donepezil

An Alzheimer's medication that increases acetylcholine to improve brain cognition, memory, and movement.

Medication Error

A safety event where the wrong drug or dose is given; the first nursing action is to assess the client's safety and for adverse reactions.