Mussolini's Foreign Policy and the Spanish Civil War

A set of flashcards reviewing key concepts from Mussolini's foreign policy and the Spanish Civil War for exam preparation.

What were the key aims of Mussolini's foreign policy?

To expand Italian influence through aggressive imperialism, strengthen Italy's status as a great power, and promote Fascist ideology, with a primary emphasis on territorial expansion.

What was the significance of the invasion of Abyssinia in 1935?

It marked a clear departure from diplomacy, boosted nationalist support in Italy, but led to economic strain and diplomatic isolation.

How did Mussolini's foreign policy change after 1934?

It shifted from cautious diplomacy to aggressive expansionism, mainly due to increasing tensions in Europe and the formation of alliances with Nazi Germany.

What were the outcomes of Mussolini's aggressive foreign policy?

While it gained propaganda success, it led to military failures in Greece and North Africa, exposing Italy's weaknesses and dragging it into a war it was not prepared for.

What was the main cause of the Civil War in Spain?

The civil war arose from deep social and political divisions, a lack of effective government, economic crises, and failed reforms.

Who were the key groups involved in the Spanish Civil War?

The main factions were the Nationalists, composed of right-wing groups like the Army and Falange, and the Republicans, consisting of socialists, communists, and anarchists.

What event catalyzed the army's revolt in Spain in July 1936?

The assassination of right-wing leader Calvo Sotelo, which prompted military generals to believe a dictatorship was necessary to restore order.

What role did foreign nations play in the Spanish Civil War?

Britain and France adhered to a non-intervention policy, while Nazi Germany and Italy provided support to the Nationalists, tipping the scales in their favor.

What was the response of the League of Nations (LON) to the situations in Italy and Spain?

The LON largely failed to take effective action in both contexts, adhering to non-intervention in Spain and allowing Mussolini's expansionist policies to go unchecked.

What was Mussolini's vision of creating a 'new Roman Empire'?

He aimed to restore Italy to its former glory by expanding its territories and asserting its dominance in the Mediterranean, using military aggression.