Enzymes,Lipids,Homeostatis,Nerve Function And Kidney Functions

Enzymes

Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy

Substrate

Molecule on which an enzyme acts

Active site

Region where substrate binds on an enzyme

Enzyme-substrate complex

Formed during a reaction when enzyme binds substrate

Induced fit model

Enzyme changes shape to accommodate substrate

Denaturation

Disruption of enzyme structure due to extreme conditions

Optimal temperature and pH

Range for enzymes to function efficiently

Lipids

Diverse group of hydrophobic molecules essential for energy storage and cell structure

Triglycerides

Most common lipid type in the body

Saturated vs

Solid vs. liquid at room temperature

Homeostasis

Maintenance of stable internal conditions for survival

Negative feedback loops

Mechanisms to maintain homeostasis

Nerve function

Transmission of electrical signals through sensory, motor, and autonomic nerves

Neurons

Building blocks of nerves transmitting signals and communicating

Kidney functions

Filtration, regulation of blood pressure, hormone production, electrolyte balance, waste removal

example of polysaccharide

Starch, glycogen, cellulose

example of monosaccharide

glucose and fructose