32.3Understanding Mood Disorders: Depression and Bipolar Disorder

What were depressive disorders and bipolar disorders previously referred to as?

Mood disorders.

What is the duration of symptoms required for a diagnosis of major depressive disorder?

Symptoms must last longer than two weeks.

List at least three symptoms of major depressive disorder.

Continuous depressed mood, diminished interest in activities, significant weight loss or gain.

How many symptoms must be present for a diagnosis of major depressive disorder?

Five or more symptoms must be present nearly every day for two weeks.

What characterizes persistent depressive disorder?

Two or more symptoms of depression for more than two years, usually in a milder form.

What are the key features of bipolar disorders?

Periods of depression as well as mania or hypomania.

What is required for a diagnosis of Bipolar 1 disorder?

A manic episode, which may be preceded or followed by hypomania or a depressive episode.

What are some symptoms of a manic episode?

Unrestrained euphoria, decreased need for sleep, pressured speech, disconnected ideas, distractibility, reckless behavior.

What is the impact of manic episodes on functioning?

They severely impair function and may require hospitalization.

What typically characterizes Bipolar 2 disorder?

Mostly depression with one or more hypomanic episodes.

What is a strong link associated with bipolar disorder?

Genetics.

What type of research shows a biological link with depressive and bipolar disorders?

Brain-based research.