PPL lil bit of weather

As altitude increases, atmospheric pressure decreases by ___Hg every ____ ft

One inch, 1000ft

The Coriolis force deflects air to the _____ (left/right) in the northern hemisphere

Right

Standard pressure is ___

29.92

Standard temp. in Celsius and Fahrenheit

15, 59

At high altitudes, aircraft engines and propellers are (more/less) efficient

Less

Nitrogen and trace gases make up ___ percent of the atmosphere

79

Oxygen makes up ___ percent of the atmosphere

21

Hypoxia can start presenting as low as ____ft, AT NIGHT but is more typical at ______ft DURING DAY

5000, 10,000

Anticyclonic circulation

In the northern hemisphere, air from high to low pressure is deflected right and produces clockwise circulation

Cyclonic circulation

Air flows toward a low pressure zone and is deflected to create counterclockwise or cyclonic circulation

Dry, descending air is a ____(high/low) pressure system

High

Convective currents

Plowed ground, rocks, sand, barren land heat quickly, whereas water and vegetation heats slowly. Uneven heating results in convective currents

What causes a sea breeze?

During the day, the air over water is cooler than the air over land

What causes a land breeze?

During the night, the air over the water is warmer than the air over land

On final, being above an area devoid of vegetation causes a (sinking/ballooning) effect

Ballooning

On final during the day, an approach over water or vegetation can cause a (sinking/ballooning) effect

Sinking

low level wind shear is associated with

Passing frontal systems, thunderstorms, temp inversions, and strong upper level winds

Describe a microburst

Horizontal diameter of 1-2 miles, depth of 1000ft, lifespan is 5-15 minutes

Microbursts can produce downward drafts of up to ____ fpm

6,000

Microbursts can produce headwind losses of up to

30-90knots

The only way wind shear is reported is by

PIRREPS

Isobars are

Pressure gradient lines

Know the winds

When do surface-based temp inversions occur?

On a clear, cool night when air close to the ground is cooled by the lowering temp of the ground. Air close to the ground is cold, air farther up is warm

Frontal inversion

cooler air is forced under a layer of warm air

Every ____F degree increase in temperature doubles the amour of moisture that air can hold

20

adiabatic lapse rate dry vs wet air

dry air—3 degrees celsius per 1000ft

wet air—1.5-3 degrees celsius per 1000ft (condensation of water slows loss of heat)

adiabatic cooling

temp of air decreases at it rises without exchanging heat with its surroundings

fog is likely to form when the temp and dew point are within ____C of each other

2 (3.6F)