Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions

Flashcards about the Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions

What was the Agricultural Revolution?

A time when farming methods improved with new tools and techniques, making it easier to grow food, leading to bigger populations and fewer people needing to work on farms.

When did the Agricultural Revolution happen?

1700s to the early 1800s.

What was the Industrial Revolution?

A time when machines and factories started to replace handmade goods, changing how people worked and lived.

When did the Industrial Revolution Start?

Started in the late 1700s and went into the 1800s.

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?

Britain

What farming machines helped plant crops faster during the Industrial Revolution?

Machines like seed drills.

How did factories change during the Industrial Revolution?

New machines made products quicker and cheaper.

What inventions improved travel and trade during the Industrial Revolution?

Railways and steamships.

What invention allowed people to send messages quickly during the Industrial Revolution?

The telegraph.

What stronger material was used to build bigger and better structures during the Industrial Revolution?

Steel.

What did the Spinning Jenny do?

Made it easier to spin thread (James Hargreaves).

What was the purpose of the Steam Engine?

Used steam power for factories, trains, and boats (James Watt).

Who was Richard Arkwright?

Built machines for making textiles.

Who was George Stephenson?

Built the first steam-powered train.

What kind of working conditions did men face during the Industrial Revolution?

Long hours in factories or mines, often in unsafe conditions.

What kind of working conditions did women face during the Industrial Revolution?

Worked in factories with low pay and harsh environments.

What kind of working conditions did children face during the Industrial Revolution?

Worked in factories or mines, often doing dangerous jobs for very little money.

What were the positive impacts of the Industrial Revolution?

New jobs and inventions improved transport, trade, and production. Better technology made life easier for some people.

What were the negative impacts of the Industrial Revolution?

Many people lived in crowded, dirty cities. Long work hours, child labor, and pollution were common.

What were the Reforms during the Industrial Revolution?

New laws to make factories safer and fairer.

What did the Factory Acts do?

Limited how long people could work and banned young children from working.

What did the Chartist Movement do?

Pushed for workers’ rights and voting reforms.

What were the short-term impacts of the Industrial Revolution?

Cities grew quickly, and more jobs were created in factories.

What were the long-term impacts of the Industrial Revolution?

Led to modern cities and economies and created social inequalities that still exist today.

Why did the Industrial Revolution lead to settlement in Australia?

Britain needed space for its growing population and used Australia as a penal colony (place to send prisoners).

What was the Impact on First Nations People due to the Industrial Revolution?

Land was taken from them, disrupting their traditional way of life. Many Aboriginal people died from European diseases like smallpox or in conflicts.

What is 'Terra Nullius'?

The idea that Australia was “empty land” and could be taken by the British.

What was the British Arrival?

The British claimed land, built settlements, and brought new laws and customs. Aboriginal and British attitudes toward land were very different, leading to clashes.

Who was Pemulwuy?

Led resistance against British settlers.

Who was Bennelong?

Worked with the British to try and bridge the gap between cultures.