Antibiotics

Common Antibiotics

Antibiotics Can Terminate Protein Synthesis For Microbial Cell Like Germs

Aminoglycosides

Cephalosporins

Tetrayclines

Penicillins

Sulfonamides

Fluorquinolones

Macrolides

Carbapenems

Lincosamides

Glycopeptides

-leprostatic and metrondiazole

There are ____ and ____ antibiotics

Bactericidal (A to G)

Bacteriostatic (L to Z)

Which ones are -cidal?

Aminoglycosides

Carbapenems

Cephalosporins

-Cillin

Fluoroquinolones

Glycopeptide

Which ones are -static?

-Lincosamids

-Macrolides

-Metronidazole

-Sulfonamides

-Tetracycline

1. Bactericidal

2. Bacteriostatic

1. Bactericidal

KILL bacteria

2. Bacteriostatic

STOP/PREVENT bacteria

Aminoglycosides are

-mycin

-micin

tobramycin, streptomycin, gentamycin

Aminoglycosides

1. Indications

2. MOA

3. Adverse Effects

4. Nursing Considerations

1. Indications

Gram negative (amiNOglycosides) - only gram negative one

2. MOA

Inhibit protein synthesis (amino = protein)

3. Adverse Effects

Ototoxicity

Nephrotoxicity

Neurotoxicity

4. Nursing Considerations

Monitor BUN & Creatinine

Monitor for hearing loss or tinnitis

Respiratory paralysis

Pregnancy

Peak and trough

Cephalosporins are

cef-

ceph-

Cefaclor - 2nd gen (treats wide variety)

Cephalosporin

1. Indications

2. MOA

3. Adverse Effects

4. Nursing Considerations

1. Indications

Skin, ear, urinary tract, respiratory infections

Gram positive/negative

2. MOA

Inhibit cell wall synthesis

3. Adverse Effects

Anaphylaxis (allergies)

Superinfections

C. diff

GI tract

Colon inflammation

Dizziness

4. Nursing Considerations

NO ALCOHOL

Cephalosporin Generations

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

1. FA/PHA

2. Everything else (cefaclor)

3. ONE/TEN/IME (ceftriaxone - rocephin)

4. PI

5. ROL

Tetracyclines are

-cycline

Tetracycline

1. Indications

2. MOA

3. Adverse Effects

4. Nursing Considerations

1. Indications

Acne

Gram positive/negative

2. MOA

Inhibit protein synthesis to prevent cell replication

3. Adverse Effects

Tooth discoloration

C. diff

Photosensitivity

4. Nursing Considerations

Wear protective clothing, avoid the sun, apply SPF

Taken on empty stomach

*Do not take with calcium, iron, antacid

Penicillin is

-cillin

Penicillin

1. Indications

2. MOA

3. Adverse Effects

4. Nursing Considerations

1. Indications

Severe infections

Gram positive/negative

2. MOA

Inhibit cell wall synthesis

3. Adverse Effects

Anaphylaxis (allergies)

GI tract

Bleeding

Rashes

Seizures

4. Nursing Considerations

Contraindications: Renal disease, pregnancy, lactation

Sulfonamides are

sulfa-

-azole

Cotrimoxazole (septra, bactrim)

Sulfonamides

1. Indications

2. MOA

3. Adverse Effects

4. Nursing Considerations

1. Indications

UTI

Gram positive/negative

2. MOA

Inhibit bacterial folate synthesis

-folate is natural, folic acid is manmade

3. Adverse Effects

GI tract: renal effects

SULF: Sunburn, Urine crystals, Liters (2L), Folic acid daily

Monitor for allergies

4. Nursing Considerations

Wear protective clothing, avoid the sun, apply SPF

Fluoroquinolones are

-Floxacin

Cpirofloxacin

Fluoroquinolones

1. Indications

2. MOA

3. Adverse Effects

4. Nursing Considerations

1. Indications

Pneumonia, UTI, skin infections

Gram positive/negative

2. MOA

Inhibit DNA eznymes

3. Adverse Effects

NEURO: Headache, dizziness, insomnia, depression

Tendon rupture: commonly Achilles tendon (like FLOOR)

4. Nursing Considerations

Avoid milk and antacid

Contraindications: pregnancy, lactation, and renal dysfunction

Macrolides are

-thromycin

Macrolides

1. Indications

2. MOA

3. Adverse Effects

4. Nursing Considerations

1. Indications

m. pneumoniae, Legionella species, B. pertussis

Gram positive

2. MOA

Inhibit protein synthesis

3. Adverse Effects

GI upset

Hepatotoxicity

C. diff

Superinfection

4. Nursing Considerations

Throw off QT prolongation

Take on empty stomach

Carbapenems are

-penem

Carbapenems

1. Indications

2. MOA

3. Adverse Effects

4. Nursing Considerations

1. Indications

Gram positive/negative

2. MOA

Inhibit cell membrane/wall

3. Adverse Effects

C. Diff & colitis

GI distress → dehydration/electrolyte imbalance (CARB penetration)

4. Nursing Considerations

Contraindication: seizures

Lincosamides are

-mycin

Clindomycin

Lincosamides

1. Indications

2. MOA

3. Adverse Effects

4. Nursing Considerations

1. Indications

Skin, bone, lung infections

Gram positive

2. MOA

Inhibit protein synthesis

3. Adverse Effects

C. diff

GI upset

Liver damage

4. Nursing Considerations

Monitor for dehydration or c. diff

Glycopeptides are

-mycin

VANCOMYCIN

Glycopeptides

1. Indications

2. MOA

3. Adverse Effects

4. Nursing Considerations

1. Indications

Endocarditis, MRSA, C. diff

Gram positive

2. MOA

Inhibit cell membrane/wall

3. Adverse Effects

Ototoxicity

Nephrotoxicity

Red man syndrome

4. Nursing Considerations

Avoid grapefruit juice

Infuse over 60 minutes to avoid red man syndrome

Peak and trough

Bottom line for antibiotics

Cause GI issues most times

Which drugs have photosensitivity?

Fear The Sun

Fluoroquinolones, Tetracyclines, Sulfonamides

Which drugs should be on empty stomach?

Move The Food

Macrolides, Tetracyclines, Fluoroquinolones