Week 2 anatomy 224 lab quiz

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Last updated 3:23 AM on 8/29/26
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13 Terms

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The major divisions of the brain:

  • Midbrain: (smaller middle spot in brain)
    - Helps us regulate movement and process auditory and visual information

  • Forebrain: (upper half of brain)
    - processes sensory information, helps with reasoning and problem-solving, and regulates autonomic, endocrine, and motor functions

  • Hindbrain: (bottom half of brain including brainstem)
    - Helps to regulate autonomic functions, relay sensory information, coordinate movement, and maintain balance and equilibrium


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Prosencephalon (Forebrain)

  • Largest brain division

  • Lateral and third cerebral ventricles are present here

  • Two subdivisions
    - Telencephalon
    - Cerebral cortex
    - Basal Ganglia
    - Diencephalon
    - Thalamus
    - Hypothalamus
    - Pineal Gland


<ul><li><p>Largest brain division</p></li><li><p>Lateral and third cerebral ventricles are present here</p></li><li><p>Two subdivisions<br> - Telencephalon<br> - Cerebral cortex<br> - Basal Ganglia<br> - Diencephalon<br> - Thalamus<br> - Hypothalamus<br> - Pineal Gland</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Telencephalon

  • Cerebral cortex
    - Frontal
    - Parietal
    - Occipital (vision)
    - Temporal (hearing/speech)
    - Deep grooves (fissures)
    - Shallow grooves (Sulci)
    - Ridges (Gyri)

  • Basal Ganglia (process movement)


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Remember This

  • Frontal lobe
    - Primary motor area
    - premotor area
    - Broca’s area
    - Prefrontal area

  • Lateral sulcus

  • Primary olfactory area

  • Temporal lobe
    - auditory association area
    - primary auditory area
    - Wernicke’s area

  • Central sulcus

  • Parietal lobe
    - primary somatosensory area
    - somatosensory association area
    - primary taste area

  • Occipital Lobe:
    - Visual association area
    - Primary visual area


<ul><li><p>Frontal lobe<br>- Primary motor area<br>- premotor area<br>- Broca’s area<br>- Prefrontal area</p></li><li><p>Lateral sulcus</p></li><li><p>Primary olfactory area</p></li><li><p>Temporal lobe<br>- auditory association area<br>- primary auditory area<br>- Wernicke’s area</p></li><li><p>Central sulcus</p></li><li><p>Parietal lobe<br>- primary somatosensory area<br>- somatosensory association area<br>- primary taste area</p></li><li><p>Occipital Lobe:<br>- Visual association area<br>- Primary visual area</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Diencephalon

  • Composed of important centers for homeostasis:
    - thalamus
    - hypothalamus
    - pituitary gland
    - release hormones that help carry out body functions
    - limbic system: emotions
    - Epithalamus
    - pineal gland


<ul><li><p>Composed of important centers for homeostasis:<br>- thalamus<br>- hypothalamus<br> - pituitary gland<br> - release hormones that help carry out body functions<br> - limbic system: emotions<br>- Epithalamus<br>- pineal gland</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Limbic System

  • Several structures involved in olfaction, memory, and emotions

  • Functional classification, located between diencephalon and cerebrum:
    - amygdala
    - hippocampus
    - cingulate gyrus
    - septal nuclei
    - dentate gyrus
    - fornix
    - mammillary body
    - medial olfactory striae
    - olfactory bulb


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Mesencephalon (midbrain)

  • connects to the forebrain to the hindbrain

  • regulates movement and aids in processing auditory and visual information

  • components of the midbrain
    - cerebral aqueduct
    - midbrain
    - Tectum- sends signals to lobe
    - cerebral peduncle
    - substantia nigra- release of dopamine


<ul><li><p>connects to the forebrain to the hindbrain</p></li><li><p>regulates movement and aids in processing auditory and visual information</p></li><li><p>components of the midbrain<br>- cerebral aqueduct<br>- midbrain<br>- Tectum- sends signals to lobe<br>- cerebral peduncle<br>- substantia nigra- release of dopamine</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Rhombencephalon (Hindbrain)

  • regulation of autonomic functions, maintaining balance and equilibrium, movement coordination, and the relay of sensory information

  • Two subregions:
    - metencephalon
    - myelencephalon


<ul><li><p>regulation of autonomic functions, maintaining balance and equilibrium, movement coordination, and the relay of sensory information</p></li><li><p>Two subregions:<br>- metencephalon<br>- myelencephalon</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Brainstem

  • most primitive region of the brain

  • essential for basic life

  • includes
    - midbrain
    - pons
    - medulla


<ul><li><p>most primitive region of the brain</p></li><li><p>essential for basic life</p></li><li><p>includes<br> - midbrain<br> - pons<br> - medulla</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Cerebellum

  • coordinates motor commands, balance, and posture


<ul><li><p>coordinates motor commands, balance, and posture</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Cerebrospinal Fluid

  • protects and supports nervous system

  • produced in choroid plexuses on ventricle walls

  • circulates through ventricles, meninges, spinal cord

  • cushion for the brain


<ul><li><p>protects and supports nervous system</p></li><li><p>produced in choroid plexuses on ventricle walls</p></li><li><p>circulates through ventricles, meninges, spinal cord</p></li><li><p>cushion for the brain</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Blood Supply to the Brain

  • Internal carotid vertebral arteries → dural venous sinuses → internal jugular vein

  • astrocytes join to capillary walls to form blood brain barrier


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