Mitosis & Meiosis -- Genetics and Evolutionary Biology

Cell replication type for prokaryotes

binary fission

similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

have ribosomes, DNA, cell membrane, and cell wall

differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

prokaryotes have no membrane bound organelles & DNA exists in a nucleoid. Eukaryotes are vice versa

Describe binary fission

cell replication done by prokaryotes resulting in two identical daughter cells

Stages of mitosis

interphase (G1 (normal cell function), S (DNA replicated), G2 (replications of organelles)), prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

Stages of meiosis

interphase (G1, S, G2), prophase I, prometaphase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, cytokinesis, prophase II, prometaphase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, telophase II, cytokinesis

independent assortment

Occurs during metaphase I of meiosis. It's the random alignment of homologous chromosome pairs at the cell's equator that leads to the independent segregation of alleles during gamete formation.

crossing over

occurs during prophase I of meiosis. Non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material, leading to new combinations of genes in the resulting gametes