COMPTIA Studying

You need a secure remote command-line session to a server. Which port?

tcp/22

tcp/22 — which protocol?

SSH

You need a remote console, but traffic (including passwords) is plaintext. Which port?

tcp/23

tcp/23 — which protocol?

Telnet

Mail servers are transferring email to each other. Which port?

tcp/25

tcp/25 — which protocol?

SMTP

A client looks up example.com and needs the IP. Which ports?

udp/53 and tcp/53

udp/53 or tcp/53 — which service?

DNS

A PC is getting its IP address automatically from a server. Which ports?

udp/67 and udp/68

udp/67 and udp/68 — which service?

DHCP

You’re loading a website with no encryption. Which port?

tcp/80

tcp/80 — which protocol?

HTTP

You’re loading a website over HTTPS. Which port?

tcp/443

tcp/443 — which protocol?

HTTPS

Email is downloaded to the client and usually removed from the server. Which port?

tcp/110

tcp/110 — which protocol?

POP3

Email stays on the server so you can check it from phone and laptop. Which port?

tcp/143

tcp/143 — which protocol?

IMAP

Windows needs to find a service by NetBIOS name. Which port?

udp/137

Windows is doing a NetBIOS session / connection-oriented transfer. Which port?

tcp/139

You’re sharing files/printers with Windows SMB. Which port?

tcp/445

tcp/445 — which protocol/service?

SMB / CIFS

You’re taking over a PC with a full graphical desktop remotely. Which port?

tcp/3389

tcp/3389 — which protocol?

RDP

You’re transferring files with the classic FTP control connection. Which port?

tcp/21

FTP data connection uses which port?

tcp/20

A directory lookup (like Active Directory / LDAP) uses which port?

tcp/389

tcp/389 — which protocol?

LDAP

Well Known Ports cover which numeric range?

0–1023

Registered Ports cover which numeric range?

1024–49151

What is step 1 of CompTIA troubleshooting?

Identify the problem

What is step 2 of CompTIA troubleshooting?

Establish a theory of probable cause

What is step 3 of CompTIA troubleshooting?

Test the theory to determine cause

What is step 4 of CompTIA troubleshooting?

Establish a plan of action and implement it

What is step 5 of CompTIA troubleshooting?

Verify full system functionality (and implement preventative measures if needed)

What is step 6 of CompTIA troubleshooting?

Document findings, actions, and outcomes

In networking, lowercase b means what?

bit

In networking, uppercase B means what?

Byte

How many bits are in one Byte?

8

Are network transfer rates usually measured in bits or Bytes?

bits

Are storage sizes usually measured in bits or Bytes?

Bytes

Which RAID only stripes for speed and has no redundancy?

RAID 0

Which RAID mirrors for full redundancy?

RAID 1

With RAID 1, what capacity do you effectively lose?

The capacity of one disk

What is the minimum disk count for RAID 5?

3

Besides striping, what does RAID 5 use for recovery?

Parity

Which RAID can survive two disk failures?

RAID 6

What is a typical minimum disk count for RAID 6?

4

Which RAID both mirrors and stripes?

RAID 10

Which device floods every frame out all ports?

Hub

Which device forwards using learned MAC-to-port mappings?

Switch

At 100 meters, what speed is Cat 5e typically good for?

1 Gbps

Your IP is 169.254.37.10. What likely failed?

DHCP

What is the APIPA address range?

169.254.0.0/16

DHCP DORA — what does the D stand for?

Discover

DHCP DORA — what does the O stand for?

Offer

DHCP DORA — what does the R stand for?

Request

DHCP DORA — what does the A stand for?

Acknowledge

List DORA in order.

Discover · Offer · Request · Acknowledge

Which remote-console protocol encrypts traffic?

SSH

Which remote-console protocol sends passwords in plaintext?

Telnet

Why is WEP easy to crack?

Short 24-bit IV

What stopgap encryption/integrity did WPA add over WEP?

TKIP with MIC

WPA still relied on which older cipher with TKIP?

RC4

WPA2 mainly replaced RC4/TKIP with what?

AES

What is the minimum common WLAN security standard that properly uses AES?

WPA2

WPA3 feature that resists offline handshake brute-force?

SAE

What does SAE stand for?

Simultaneous Authentication of Equals

Past Wi-Fi sessions stay safe even if the password is stolen later. Name that property.

Forward secrecy

What do protected management frames help stop?

Wireless management-frame eavesdropping / hijacking

Allow/deny by hardware address — what is that called?

MAC address filtering

Why is MAC address filtering weak by itself?

MACs can be spoofed

Hiding the Wi-Fi name from casual lists — what setting is that?

Disable SSID broadcast

Why is disabling SSID broadcast not real security?

Security through obscurity

Home Wi-Fi where AP and clients share one password — what is that called?

PSK

What does PSK stand for?

Pre-Shared Key

On 2.4 GHz, which three channels are the usual non-overlapping set?

1, 6, and 11

802.11ac is marketed as which Wi-Fi generation number?

Wi-Fi 5

Which band does 802.11ac / Wi-Fi 5 use?

5 GHz only

Home internet over a phone line — which tech?

DSL

Home internet over coax — which tech?

Cable modem

What does NAT do with private and public addresses?

Translates private ↔ public

What does a subnet mask define in an IP address?

Network bits vs host bits

Infrastructure mode (printer Wi-Fi)

Printer joins AP and gets DHCP IP.

Wi-Fi Direct mode (printer Wi-Fi)

Printer acts as its own AP/SSID.

PDL (Page Description Language)

Converts app print commands into a rasterized page image.

PCL vs PostScript

PCL is HP/model-tied; PostScript is Adobe/device-independent.

Secured print

Print job is held until user authenticates at the printer.

Laser printer toner

Fine dry powder used instead of liquid ink.

Imaging drum

Holds electrostatic image that attracts toner.

Fuser assembly

Uses heat and pressure to permanently bond toner to paper.

Laser print order

Processing, Charging, Exposing, Developing, Transferring, Fusing, Cleaning.

Pickup roller vs separation pad

Pickup grabs paper; separation pad prevents multi-sheet feeds.

Thermal printhead issue symptom

Missing/faded lines from residue blocking heating pins.

Thermal media heat sensitivity

High heat can fade print or turn thermal paper black.

Impact printer old name

Dot matrix printer.

Impact printer strength

Prints multi-part forms and works in tough environments.

Impact printer resolution factor

Depends on pin count and pin density in printhead.

Impact ribbon

Ink-soaked fabric in front of printhead; replace when dry (not refillable).

Tractor-fed paper

Continuous paper with edge holes pulled by tractor-feed spikes.