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Memorize: Ammonium

NH₄⁺

Memorize: Hydronium

H₃O⁺

Memorize: Mercury(I)

Hg₂²⁺ [mercury (i) cation exists as this formula because 2 mercury(i) cations are joined together]

Memorize: Acetate

C₂H₃O₂⁻

Memorize: Azide

N₃⁻

carbonate

CO₃²⁻ (remember camel)

chlorate

ClO₃⁻ (remember clam)

chlorite

ClO₂⁻

chromate

CrO₄²⁻ (remember crepes)

Memorize: Cyanide

CN⁻

Memorize: Dichromate

Cr₂O₇²⁻

phosphate

PO₄³⁻ (remember phoenix)

phosphite

PO₃³⁻

dihydrogen phosphate

H₂PO₄⁻

hydrogen carbonate or bicarbonate

HCO₃⁻ (when adding hydrogen atom to a polyatomic anion, that anion loses a charge)

hydrogen phosphate

HPO₄²⁻

hydrogen sulfate or bisulfate

HSO₄⁻

Memorize: Hydroxide

OH⁻

hypochlorite

ClO⁻

nitrate

NO₃⁻ (remember nick)

nitrite

NO₂⁻

Memorize: Oxalate

C₂O₄²⁻

perchlorate

ClO₄⁻ (when per- prefix added, there is another oxygen atom added to the polyatomic ion; charge remains same)

Memorize: Permanganate

MnO₄⁻

Memorize: Peroxide

O₂²⁻ (don't confuse as dioxide or oxide; when you see a metal such as Na bonded to O and their formula doesn't match their ionic compound, then it may be peroxide instead of oxygen)

Practice: Sodium peroxide

Na₂O₂ (usually, Na bonded to O would give Na₂O, or sodium oxide, but there's another oxygen here, pointing towards O₂²⁻ bonded with Na⁺)

sulfate

SO₄²⁻ (remember supper)

Sulfite

SO₃²⁻

Memorize: Thiocyanate

SCN⁻

Memorize: Thiosulfate

S₂O₃²⁻

What is a hydrate?

ionic compound that has trapped water molecules

How to name a hydrate?

write it like the regular molecule/compound then add hydrate to the end with a numerical prefix

Practice: Sodium Sulfate dihydrate

Na₂SO₄ * 2H₂O

numerical prefixes

semi-: 1/2

mono-: 1

di-: 2

tri-: 3

tetra-: 4

penta-: 5

hexa-: 6

hepta-: 7

octa-: 8

nona-: 9

deca-: 10

What is an acid?

compounds that have a hydrogen atom in it that is aqueous (aq)

Binary acid nomenclature

Hydro- prefix is added to the non-metal anion that is bonded with the hydrogen

non-metal anion (originally ended in -ide, ends in -ic)

Practice: Sulfate as an acid

formula: H₂SO₄ (aq)

name: sulfuric acid (-ic suffix because it is the higher charged sulfur)

Practice: Sulfite as an acid

formula: H₂SO₃ (aq)

name: sulfurous acid(-ous suffix because it is lesser charged)

Practice: Phosphite as an acid

formula: H₃PO₃ (aq)

name: phosphorous acid

When is prefix per- used for?

when polyatomic ions have an extra oxygen after their -ate form

When is prefix hypo- used for?

when polyatomic ions have one less oxygen below their -ite form

What does adding a hydrogen to a polyatomic anion do? (not acid)

the anion loses a negative charge and the name gets either hydrogen at the start or gets the prefix bi-

What does adding 2 hydrogens to a polyatomic anion do? (not acid)

2 negative charges lost, name gets dihydrogen at the start (no common name/prefix to use)

Practice: phosphide (phosphorous) as an acid

formula: H₃P

name: Hydrophosphoric acid

for polyatomic ions that become acids, what does the suffix -ate become?

-ic

Polyatomic ions that become acids, what does suffix -ite become?

-ous

Hydrocarbons

Organic molecules that consist only of carbon and hydrogen. they have their own nomenclature rules

Hydrocarbons prefixes

Based on the amount of carbon

Meth-: 1

Eth-: 2

Prop-: 3

But-: 4

Pent-: 5

Hex-: 6

Hept-: 7

Oct-: 8

Non-: 9

Dec-: 10

Hydrocarbon suffixes

Based on amount of hydrogens (sort of)

Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes (-ane, -ene, -yne respectively)

Can be found by alkane (-ane) as the original hydrocarbon, then -ene loses 2 hydrogens, and -yne loses another 2 hydrogens

How can you find the amount of hydrogens in a hydrocarbon?

If we act as alkanes are our base hydrocarbon form, then the hydrogens can be found from

(Carbon amount x 2) + 2 = hydrogen amount

Practice: Methane formula?

CH₄

Practice: Butene formula?

C₄H₈

mnemonic for some -ate polyatomic ions

Nick the Camel ate Clam Supper and Crepes in Pheonix

Practice: oxalate as an acid

formula: H₂C₂O₄ (aq)

name: oxalic acid

Practice: What is the name of Cu₂C₂O₄?

copper(ii) oxalate

Practice: What is the name of CuC₂H₃O₂?

copper(i) acetate

Practice: acetate as an acid

formula: HC₂H₃O₂

name: acetic acid

Practice: chemical formula for Silver chromate?

formula: Ag₂CrO₄ (silver always is +1 charge)

Practice: chemical formula for Zinc bicarbonate?

formula: Zn(HCO₃)₂

(zinc is always +2 charge

Practice: name of H₂CO₃ (aq)

name: carbonic acid

Practice: formula for hydrochloric acid

formula: HCl

Practice: formula for chloric acid

formula: HClO₃

Practice: name of NH₄HSO₄

name: Ammonium bisulfate