Deception and Lie Detection

This set of flashcards covers key concepts and facts related to deception detection and lie detection techniques discussed in the lecture.

What are some reliable verbal indicators of deception?

Voice pitch, slower speech, and more language disturbances.

Are nonverbal behaviors reliable predictors of deception?

No, nonverbal behaviors are generally not reliable predictors of deception.

How do Secret Service agents perform in deception detection?

They are the only group that outperforms others, but not close to 100% accuracy.

What is one way people can distinguish lies better?

Knowing the person well through long-term exposure to their behaviors.

What do polygraph techniques rely on?

Measures of physiological states associated with lying.

What physiological responses are commonly associated with lying?

Dry mouth, sweating, and increased heart rate.

What is required to become certified in using polygraph devices in Canada?

Completion of a 10-week course, plus supervision.

Where is the polygraph commonly used today?

Criminal investigations, insurance investigations, custody law, and employment background checks.

What is the goal of polygraph disclosure tests?

To uncover details about past behavior.

What is the Comparison Question Test?

A polygraph test comparing neutral, probable lie, and relevant questions.

How many questions are typically asked in the Comparison Question Test?

Ten yes-or-no questions asked three to four times each.

What type of questions are classified as 'relevant questions' in polygraph tests?

Questions aimed at establishing premeditation or specifics of an alleged crime.

How do innocent and guilty individuals typically respond to comparison questions?

Innocent people react more to comparison questions, while guilty people react more to relevant questions.

What does the Concealed Information Test assess?

Whether the suspect knows details about the crime that only the perpetrator should know.

What might indicate familiarity with a crime detail in the Concealed Information Test?

Greater physiological response to the actual crime detail compared to neutral alternatives.

What are some issues affecting the validity of polygraphs?

Irrelevant emotions, medication effects, and examiner bias.

How often did Patrick & Iacono score innocent people correctly in their research?

55% of the time.

What legal case determined that polygraph results were not generally accepted in court?

Frye v. United States (1923).

What technique is used in imaging for deception detection?

Electroencephalograms (EEGs) to measure Event Related Potentials (ERPs).

What is 'malingering' in a clinical context?

Faking symptoms for external gain.

What types of lying are categorized in clinical settings?

Involuntary and voluntary lying.

What is Factitious Disorder also known as?

Munchausen Syndrome.

What characterizes Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy?

Intentional production of illness in someone under one’s care.

What is the estimated prevalence of malingering in pre-trial populations?

17% to 21% for low severity, and higher for severe cases.

What does the SIRS measure?

Symptom validity using structured interviews.

What methodology is often used in studying malingering?

Simulation design with control and experimental groups.

What is the challenge in known-groups design in malingering studies?

Identifying 'true malingerers' and differentiating them from genuine patients.