Properties of First Transition Series Elements

Flashcards covering physical properties, atomic radii trends, atomic masses, metallic bonds, density, and chemical activity of the first transition series elements.

Atomic Mass Trend in First Transition Series

The atomic mass in the first transition series elements increases gradually with increasing atomic number, with nickel ($\text{Ni}$) acting as an exception.

Nickel Atomic Mass Exception

The abnormal atomic mass behavior of nickel ($\text{Ni}$) caused by the presence of five stable nickel isotopes resulting in an average atomic mass of $58.7\,\text{u}$.

Atomic Radius Trend in First Transition Series

The property where the decrease in atomic size is not large, remaining nearly constant from chromium ($\text{Cr}$) to copper ($\text{Cu}$).

First Factor Affecting Atomic Radius

The factor where an increase in both effective nuclear charge and total number of electrons increases nuclear attraction to the electrons, resulting in a decrease in atomic radius.

Second Factor Affecting Atomic Radius

The factor where an increasing number of electrons in the $3d$ sublevel increases the repulsion force between them, leading to an increase in atomic radius.

Transition Element Alloys

Alloys formed using the first transition series elements, made possible due to the relative stability of their atomic radii.

Metallic Bond in First Transition Series

A strong metallic bond formed due to the participation of electrons from both the $4s$ and $3d$ sublevels, which gives these elements significantly high melting and boiling points.

Density Trend of First Transition Elements

The gradual increase in density as atomic number increases, caused by an increasing atomic mass while the atomic size remains relatively constant.

Chemical Activity of Scandium

A property of scandium ($\text{Sc}$) describing its high chemical activity, enabling it to replace hydrogen in water vigorously.

Chemical Activity of Iron

A property of iron ($\text{Fe}$) describing its moderate chemical activity, causing it to rust upon exposure to humid air.

Chemical Activity of Copper

A property of copper ($\text{Cu}$) characterized by its limited chemical activity compared to other first transition elements.