Organelles and Cell Structure

0.0(0)
Studied by 0 people
call kaiCall Kai
Locked
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
GameKnowt Play
Card Sorting

1/17

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Last updated 12:55 PM on 9/22/26
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced
Call with Kai
Chat

No analytics yet

Send a link to your students to track their progress

18 Terms

1
New cards
<p>Cytoplasm (15)</p>

Cytoplasm (15)

everything inside the cell membrane but outside the nucleus

  • Cytosol- intracellular fluid of cytoplasm

  • Organelles- specialized structures w/ specific spaces and func’s


2
New cards
<p>Centrosome (5)</p>

Centrosome (5)

consists of 2 centrioles

  • organize microtubules + help cell division

  • centrioles form basis of cilia and flagella


3
New cards
<p>Cilium (1)</p>

Cilium (1)

move in sweeping motion


4
New cards
<p>Flagella (2)</p>

Flagella (2)

longer tail that propels the whole cell


5
New cards
<p>Microvilli (4)</p>

Microvilli (4)

fingerlike structures that extend from the surface


6
New cards
<p>Mitochondria <strong>(10)</strong></p>

Mitochondria (10)

produces a lot of ATP

  • contains it’s own DNA, divide by binary fission, makes protein w/ it’s own ribosomes

  • believed to be it’s own entity outside of the cell


7
New cards
<p>Smooth ER (15)</p>

Smooth ER (15)

makes lipids

  • hold calcium

  • detoxify cell


8
New cards
<p>Rough ER <strong>(14)</strong></p>

Rough ER (14)

  • makes proteins

  • helps proteins fold

  • add sugars/modify proteins (glycoproteins)


9
New cards
<p>Golgi apparatus <strong>(12)</strong></p>

Golgi apparatus (12)

modifies, sorts, and packages proteins/lipids

  • FEDEX

  • cis enters

  • trans exits

  • dna(nucleus) →rER golgi → PM


10
New cards
<p>Peroxisomes (9)</p>

Peroxisomes (9)

breaks down fatty acids and detoxifies harmful substances

  • HAZMAT


11
New cards
<p>Lysosomes (8)</p>

Lysosomes (8)

digests and recycles cellular waste + old organelles

  • TRASH CANS


12
New cards

Proteasomes

get rid of proteins that don’t work/damaged

  • PROTEIN DESTROYER

  • quick process


13
New cards
<p>Nucleus <strong>(18)</strong></p>

Nucleus (18)

stores DNA and controls cell activities

  • has 3 structures

    • nuclear envelope(19)- double membrane surrounding nucleus(protection): pores allow substances in/out

    • nucleoli- dark stained structure inside nucleus that make rRNA + ribosome subunits

    • chromatin- contains cell’s genetic information

      • nucleosomes- DNA wrapped around histones

      • chromosomes- condensed chromatin protects cell during division


<p>stores DNA and controls cell activities</p><ul><li><p>has 3 structures</p><ul><li><p><mark data-color="yellow" style="background-color: yellow; color: inherit;">nuclear envelope</mark><strong><mark data-color="yellow" style="background-color: yellow; color: inherit;">(19)</mark></strong>- double membrane surrounding nucleus(protection): <em>pores allow substances in/out</em></p></li><li><p><mark data-color="yellow" style="background-color: yellow; color: inherit;">nucleoli- </mark>dark stained structure inside nucleus that make rRNA + ribosome subunits</p></li><li><p><mark data-color="yellow" style="background-color: yellow; color: inherit;">chromatin</mark>- contains cell’s genetic information</p><ul><li><p><em>nucleosomes- </em>DNA wrapped around histones</p></li><li><p><em>chromosomes- </em>condensed chromatin protects cell during division</p></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
14
New cards

Chromatin vs. chromosomes — when are they found?

  • when cell ISNT diving= chromatin

    • loose, acessible to use genes

  • when cell IS dividing= chromosome

    • condensed, protected to move


15
New cards

Vesicles

transports and stores materials

16
New cards
<p>Ribosomes</p>

Ribosomes

makes proteins via dehydration synthesis (anabolic)

  • made of rRNA + protein

  • free ribosomes (22)→ make proteins for inside the cell

  • bound ribsomes (13)→ make proteins for membranes, lysosomes, or export


17
New cards
<p>cytoskeleton </p>

cytoskeleton

provides shape, support, and movement

  • 3 filaments

    • microfilament (4)-movement and cell shape

    • intermediate - strength and help cell resist pulling

    • microtubule (3)- provide tracks for transport


<p><mark data-color="yellow" style="background-color: yellow; color: inherit;">provides shape, support, and movement</mark></p><ul><li><p>3 filaments</p><ul><li><p><mark data-color="red" style="background-color: red; color: inherit;">microfilament (4)-</mark>movement and cell shape</p></li><li><p><mark data-color="red" style="background-color: red; color: inherit;">intermediate </mark>- strength and help cell resist pulling</p></li><li><p><mark data-color="red" style="background-color: red; color: inherit;">microtubule (3)</mark>- provide tracks for transport</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
18
New cards

Gene expression

step 1

  • transcription

    • copy the code

  • Translation

    • build the protein

Central dogma

DNA → mRNA → protein


<p>step 1</p><ul><li><p>transcription</p><ul><li><p>copy the code</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Translation</p><ul><li><p>build the protein </p></li></ul></li></ul><p>Central dogma</p><p><strong><mark data-color="yellow" style="background-color: yellow; color: inherit;">DNA → mRNA → protein</mark></strong></p><p></p>