9th grade biology unit 2

What are the two different types of cells?

prokaryotes and eukaryotes

What is an example of prokaryotes

bacteria

what are examples of eukaryotes

plants, animals, fungi, and protists

what kind of cell has no organelles

prokaryotes

what kind of cell has no nucleus

prokaryotes

what is a prokaryotes dna bounded by

cell membrane

what type of cell can only be found in single cellular organisms

prokaryotes

what type of cells have organelles

eukaryotes

what type of cell has a nucleus

eukaryotes

what types of cells are very large

eukaryotes

what types of cells are very small

prokaryotes

what type of cell can be found in multi-cellular organisms

eukaryotes

what organelles are unique to plant cells

cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole

what organelle is unique to animal cells

centriols

are viruses living

no

what is a virus

DNA with a protein coat

define selectively permeable

allowing only some things to pass through

Is a cell membrane selectively permeable

yes

what is the phospholipid bi-layer

2 rows of lipids that form the cell membrane

define hydrophilic

water loving

define hydrophobic

water hating

what makes something polar

charged particles

what makes something non polar

not charged particles

polar+polar=

mixture

non polar+ non polar=

mixture

non polar+polar=

separation

what are the membrane proteins

intergral and peripheral

define intergral proteins

proteins in the cell membrane

define peripheral proteins

proteins on the cell membrane

what are three examples of membrane proteins

channel, receptor, and marker proteins

What do we call the cell membranes structure

fluid mosaic model

In the structure fluid mosaic model what does fluid mean

the cell membrane is in constant movement

is the cell membrane stuck in place

no

is the structure fluid mosaic model what does mosaic mean

the cell membrane is a combination of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates

What are the two ways to transport things through the cell membrane

passive and active transport

what is passive transport

movement from high to low concentration

Does passive transport require energy

no

what are three types of passive transport

diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion

explain diffusion

movement of molecules from high to low concentrations

give 2 examples of diffusion

smells and food coloring

Explain osmosis

the diffusion of water

what are the three types of osmosis

hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic

what kind of solution has more stuff and less water than in the cell

hypertonic

what happens to the cell during hypertonic situations

water will move out

what kind of solution has the same amount of stuff and water as in the cell

isotonic

what happens to the cell during isotonic situations

there is no net gain or loss

what kind of solution has less stuff and more water than in the cell

hypotonic

what cannot go through the cell

large macromolecules and charged ions

explain facilitated diffusion

diffusion with the help of channel proteins

what is active transport

movement from low to high concentration

does active transport require energy

yes

what are the three types of active transport

protein pumps, endocytosis, and exocytosis

explain protein pumps

proteins that move molecules from low to high concentration

do protein pumps require energy

yes

explain endocytosis

active transport of large particles into the cell

what does endocytosis use to bring in particles

cell membrane surrounds the particle

explain phagocytosis

endocytosis to pull in solid particles

explain pinocytosis

endocytosis to pull in liquids

explain exocytosis

active transport of substances out of the cell

what does the cell use during exocytosis

cell membrane

why are cell the basic unit of life

everything alive has one or more

what macromolecules make up the cell membrane

lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins

what do lipids to in the cell membrane

it is what the cell membrane is made of

what lipid is the cell membrane made of

phospholipids

Is the cell membrane one solid piece

no

what do proteins do in the cell membrane

channel and pumps

what do carbohydrates do in the cell membrane

helps cells recognize each other

what are phospholipids

specialized lipids

what is the shape of phospholipids

one head and two tails

Is the head of phospholipids hydrophilic or hydrophobic

hydrophilic

is the tail in a phospholipid hydrophilic or hydrophobic

hydrophobic

if there is a high concentration of sodium ions outside and a high concentration of potassium ions inside

your nerve cells will send signals

what prepares your nerve cells to send signals

sodium pumps

what type of cells need to have a high concentration of sodium ions outside and a high concentration of potassium inside the cell

protein pumps

is active transport going up or down the gradient

up

is passive transport going up or down the gradient

down

where are protein pumps located

in the cell membrane

what types of molecules can diffuse through the cell membrane, without using a channel protein

small, uncharged molecule

vacuoles

storage of water, nutrients, or waste

lysosomes

packages of enzymes that break down materials in the cell

mitochondria

produces energy for the cell

Golgi apparatus

packages, labels, and ships protein out of the cell

cytoskeleton

provides support and structure for the cell

what are the two parts of the cytoskeleton

microfilaments, and microtubules

centriols

microtubules that help the cell divide during cell division

chloroplasts

site of photosynthesis

cell wall

provides support for the cell and the plant

cilia and flagella

provides movement for the cell

cell membrane

regulates what goes in and out of the cell

cytoplasm

everything between the cell membrane and the nucleus

nucleus

regulates DNA and RNA actions

nuclear envelope

regulates what goes in and out of the nucleus

nucleolus

produces RNA

DNA

inforamation on how to make proteins

what are the two parts of DNA

chromatin and chromosomes

define chromatin

unorganized DNA

define chromosomes

organized DNA

ribosomes

makes proteins