AP Music Theory Units 1-3 test

Notation shows…

pitch and duration

pitch

the highest or lowness of a tone, represented by notes

Duration

length of time a note or rest lasts

Interval

relationship between two notes

Enharmonics

tones that have the same pitch but different letter names

Half-step motion

a not followed by another that is either a half step up or down

Irregular divisions/subdivisions

divisions that require added numbers

Rhythm

a general term used to describe the motion of music in time

meter

a regular recurring pattern of strong and weak beats

Compound meter

each pulse is a dotted note

8/4

simple quadruple

8/8

simple quadruple

8/16

simple quadruple

6/4

compound duple

3/2

simple triple

6/4 =

3/2

3 ways to accent a note

symbol, dynamic, agogic

agogic accent

using duration to accent a note

how do agogic accents work

acoustically lengthened notes sound stronger.

Scale degree symbol

^

conjunct

together

disconjunc

apart

line below a scale degree

scale degree below doe

How to notate music

In a way that shows the beats

duple meter

a meter with 2 pulses per mesure

triple meter

A meter with 3 pulses per measure

quadruple meter

A meter with 4 pulses per measure

2/4

simple duple

2/2

simple duple

2/8

simple duple

3/4

simple triple

3/2

simple triple

3/8

simple triple

4/4

simple quadruple

4/2

simple quadruple

4/8

simple quadruple

6/8

compound duple

6/4

compound duple

6/16

compound duple

9/8

compound triple

9/4

compound triple

9/16

compound triple

12/8

compound quadruple

12/4

compound quadruple

12/16

compound quadruple

simple meter

A meter where the basic pulse will be a note that is not dotted

syncopation

When a part of the measure that is usually unstressed (weak beats) is accented

asymmetrical meter

A meter where the pulse cannot be divided into equal groups

5/4

asymmetrical

5/8

asymmetrical

5/16

asymmetrical

7/4

asymmetrical

7/8

asymmetrical

7/16

asymmetrical

tuplet

Breaking down notes

Pitch class

What octave a note is in in reference to c4

Tuplet rule

divide the note into the natural division until the number on notes gets high enough to be the natural division of the next shortest note

Scale

Collection of pitches in ascending and descending order

Diatonic

Across the tones

Diatonic scale

a scale of mixed half and whole steps each having a role

Chromatic

A nondiatonic scale consisting entirely of hald-step intevals.

Major scale

Scale of 7 different pitch classes with whole steps separating adjacent tones except for half steps between the 3rd and 4th and the 7th and 8th degrees. (WWHWWWH)

Pure/natural minor

7 different pitches with whole steps separating adjacent tones except for half steps between the 2nd and 3rd and the 5th and 6th degrees (WHWWHWW)

Harmonic minor

Natural minor scale with a raised 7th degree

Melodic minor

Natural minor scale with raised 6th and 7th degrees on the ascending and a natural minor scale on the descending

Key signature

Tonal system based on the major and minor scales

Relative scales

Major and minor scales with the same key

finding relative minor scales

6th degree of the major scale becomes the minors tonic

Finding relative major scales

The third degree of the minor scale becomes the majors tonic

Parallel scales

Major and minor scales with the same tonic

circle of fifths

A tool to help visualize relationships between major and minor scales

Major scale tonics on the outer scale

Key signatures within the circle

relative minors within the inner circle

Tonality

An original system of tones in which one tone becomes the central point to which the remaining tones are related

Pentatonic scale

A five tone scale

Whole tone scale

six tones all seperated by whole steps

Octatonic/diminished scale

eight notes that are separated by alternating half and whole steps

Ionian

1st Mode

Dorian

2nd mode

Phrygian

3rd mode

Lydian

4th mode

mixolydian

5th mode

aolian

6th mode

Locrian

7th mode

Solfeggio

Vocal exercises sung to a vowel, syllables, or words that indicate scale degrees

Pitch inventory/collection

List of tones used in a composition or section thereof

Pitch class

All notes of the same name regardless of octave

Transposition

Major scale pattern is duplicated at any pitch

Non-diatonic scale

A scale that does not observe the interval sequence of the diatonic or pentatonic. Many don’t have an identifiable tonic

Names of each scale degree for major scales

Tonic, supertonic, mediant, subdominant, dominant, submediant, leading tone

Names of each scale degree for minor scales

tonic, supertonic, mediant, subdominant, dominant, submediant, subtonic

Interval

Relationship in pitch between 2 notes that is named by the number of letter names that are continued within them

Quantity

Counting the letter names between 2 tones

Quality

Identify the intervals with no accidentals

Consonance

Intervals that are treated as stable and not required resolutions

Consonance intervals

All 3rds, all perfects, all 6ths

Dissonant intervals

all 2nds, all 7ths, all augmented, all diminished on paper, it could sound dissonant

Enharmonic intervals

Have the same sound but are spelled differently

Most common enharmonic intervals

A4 and d5 which is referred to as a tritone

tritone

A symmetrical interval because its original and inversion both contain 6 half steps, commonly augmented 4ths and diminished 5ths

Inversion of intervals

The lower tone becomes the higher tone or the higher tone becomes the lower tone

Compound intervals

intervals greater than an octave that are named by their simple equivalent