Anatomy Exam2 (pt. 1)

Synarthrosis (between skull bones)

immovable joint

Amphiarthrosis (between pubic bones)

slightly movable joint

Diarthrosis (knee, shoulder, hip)

freely movable

fibrous connective tissue

what are fibrous joints held together by?

cartilage

What are cartilaginous joints held together by?

Synovial joints

complex joint structure

suture

Fibrous joint that is….

• connected by short fibers

• interlocking to hold elements together and allow for growth

• synarthrosis (immovable)

• ex) between cranial bones

syndesmosis

fibrous joint that is…

• connected by short ligaments

• ex) distal tibiofibular joint

gomphosis

fibrous joint that is…

• connected by short fibers; periodontal ligament

• ex) tooth in socket

interosseous membrane

fibrous joint that is…

• a fibrous membrane

• between radius and ulna

• between tibia and fibula

synchondrosis

cartilaginous joint with…

• bones held together by hyaline cartilage

• synarthrosis(immovable)

• ex) epiphyseal plate

• ex) manubrium—rib#1

symphasis

cartilaginous joint with…

• hyaline cartilage on surface of bones

• fibrocartilage pad between bones

• amphiarthroses (slightly movable)

• ex) between bodies of vertebrae

• ex) between pubic bones

pivot

type of synovial joint that contributes to rotation

plane

type of synovial joint that contributes to gliding

condyloid

type of synovial joint that contributes to biaxial

hinge

type of synovial joint that contributes to monaxial

saddle and ball and socket

type of synovial joint that contributes to multiaxial

articular capsule

component of synovial joint that…

• holds bone together

• creates enclosed synovial cavity between bones

• outer fibrous layer

• inner synovial membrane

articular cartilage

component of synovial joint that…

• has hyaline cartilage

• NOT covered by perichondrium or synovial membrane

• covers ends of opposing bones

• absorbs compression

• slick, reduces friction, and wears on bones

synovial fluid

component of synovial joint that…

• has viscous fluid in synovial cavity

• lubricates, reduces friciton

• absorbs compression

• delivers oxygen and nutrients to articular cartilage

reinforcing ligament

synovial joint that…

• strengthens the joint

• may be extracapsular (outside of articular capsule)

• may be intracapsular (within articular capsule)

articular disk

synovial joint that…

• has fibrocartilage

• improves fit between bones

• reduces wear; absorbs shock

• ex) jaw, knee

bursae and tendon sheaths

synovial joint that…

• has fluid-filled sacs

• reduces friction

blood vessels

contribute to synovial fluid

nerves

serves as receptors for pain, stretch, (position, posture)

flexion

moves body forward in sagittal plane (exception of knee moving backward)

extension

body moves backward in sagittal plane (exception of knee moving forward)

hyperextension

extend structure and keep extending to the point it’s no longer in anatomical position

Lateral Flexion

move sideways, away from midline

Abduction

movement AWAY from midline of body

Adduction

movement TOWARD midline of body

lateral rotation

rotate outward

medial rotation

rotate inward

supination

palm facing up or body facing up

pronation

palm face down or body face down

opposition

thumb across palm

protraction

moving entire structure forward w/o changing the angle

retraction

moving entire structure backward w/o changing angle

elevation

moving structure superiorly/upwards

depression

moving structure inferiorly/downwards

plantar flexion

moving of ankle where it straightens out foot

dorisflexion

movement of ankle that ends foot

inversion

soles of feet move inward

eversion

soles of feet move outward

hinge (position of hand and feet)

synovial joint that is inbetween phalanges

condyloid (position of hand and feet)

synovial joint that is inbetween phalanges and meta(carpals/tarsals)

plane (position of hand and feet)

synovial joint that is inbetween meta(carpal/tarsal) and carpal/tarsal bones. It is also found between carpal/tarsal bones

saddle (position of hand)

synovial joint inbetween thumb and trapezium

condyloid (position of hand)

synovial joint inbetween radius and carpals (wrist)

hinge (position of feet)

synovial joint inbetween tibia and talus (ankle)

hinge (position of leg)

synovial joint inbetween femur and tibia

ball and socket (position of leg)

synovial joint inbetween femur and pelvis

plane (position of leg)

synovial joint inbetween sacrum and ilium

pivot (position of arm)

synovial joint inbetween radius and ulna

hinge (position of arm)

synovial joint inbetween humerus and ulna

ball and socket (position of arm)

synovial joint located in the shoulder