Neuroscience Flashcards

Flashcards for review of lecture notes.

Week 4

Neural tube closes, forming brain and spinal cord.

Ectoderm

Neuroectoderm forms nervous tissue.

Lateral horn

Lateral horn contains autonomic preganglionic neurons (T1-L2).

Motor neurons

Basal plate forms motor neuron populations.

Midbrain

Mesencephalon remains midbrain.

Archipallium

Archipallium is the oldest, linked to basic emotions.

Ventricles and subarachnoid space

CSF circulates in ventricles and subarachnoid space.

Pia mater

Pia mater is delicate and vascularized.

Medulla oblongata

Medulla connects brainstem to spinal cord.

40%

Vertebrobasilar system supplies ~40%.

Parietal lobe

Postcentral gyrus in parietal lobe.

Lateral geniculate nucleus

Visual relay in thalamus.

Bitemporal hemianopsia

Loss of peripheral vision both eyes.

Posterior cerebral artery

Visual cortex in occipital lobe.

Amygdala

Amygdala processes fear and emotion.

Left superior temporal gyrus

Language comprehension center.

Damage to somatosensory cortex

Sensory deficits in contralateral body.

Thalamic pain syndrome

Chronic pain after thalamic lesions.

Upper motor neuron lesion

Positive Babinski suggests corticospinal tract damage.

Intermediate hemisphere

Coordinates limb movements.

Spinocerebellar tract

Important for fine motor control.

Tectospinal tract

From superior colliculus.

V, VII, IX, X

Mixed nerves have sensory and motor fibers.

Sympathetic

Sympathetic activates fight-or-flight.

Hypothalamus

Regulates homeostasis.

Lateral horn

Thoracolumbar spinal cord.

Partial vasoconstriction

Maintains vessel tone.

Spinal nerves

Mixed nerves carrying multiple fibers.

Hippocampus

Converts short-term to long-term memory.

Facts and events

Semantic and episodic memory.

Subconscious level

Includes procedural memory.

Left

Language lateralized to left in most people.

Thalamus

Helps regulate movement.

Cognition and emotion

Multiple higher functions.

Limbic system

Integrates emotions with decision-making.

Fornix

Important for autonomic regulation.

Middle cerebral artery

Major supplier of deep brain structures.

Myotatic (stretch) reflex

Maintains posture.

Golgi tendon reflex

Protects tendons from injury.

Muscle stretch

Key for proprioception.

Cerebellar damage

Cerebellar dysfunction leads to hypotonia.

Paleostriatum

Includes globus pallidus.

Somatic system

Primarily balance-related input.

Vestibular nystagmus

Indicative of vestibular dysfunction.

Lateral funiculus

Carry proprioceptive information.

Sensory relay

Relay center for sensory info.

Medial somatosensory cortex

Medial side of postcentral gyrus.

Dilation

Facilitates breathing in stress.

Lateral horn

Lateral horn contains sympathetic preganglionic neurons.

Limbic system

Emotional and visceral input.

Thalamus

Thalamus is not basal ganglia.

Lateral geniculate nucleus

Visual relay in thalamus.

Corticocerebellar tracts

Planning and coordination.

Smaller

Working memory has limited capacity.

Sensory unit

Sensory unit processes emotional info.

Dorsal columns

Dorsal columns carry fine touch, not proprioception.

Spinothalamic tract

Spinothalamic decussates at spinal level.

Superior parietal lobule

Integrates sensory info.

Sympathetic fibers

Controls vasoconstriction.

Inability to recognize sensations

Impaired sensory perception.