Unit 7 group 3

Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act

The ________ passed in 1883 created a merit-based system for federal employment in the US government to reduce political patronage and ensure positions were filled based on qualifications, not politics.

Populist Movement

a late 19th-century political movement that aimed to represent the interests of __________ and farmers against big business and urban elites.

Patrons of Husbandry

also known as the ________, was a fraternal organization founded in 1867 to advance the interests of farmers through social, educational, and political activities.

The Grange

a social and political organization founded in 1867 to improve the lives of farmers and their families. It advocated for ____________ rights and fair treatment.

Granger Laws

were state laws enacted in the late 19th century to regulate _______ rates charged by grain elevator operators and railroads, aimed at protecting farmers from unfair pricing practices.

22 Munn v. Illinois

Case where the Supreme Court upheld state regulation of private property for public interest under the __________ Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Frances E. Willard

prominent American women's rights activist and the president of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union.

(WCTU)Woman’s Christian Temperance Union

An organization advocating for the ___________ of alcohol and promoting social reforms, especially in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

The ______ was a women's organization formed in 1890 to advocate for women's right to vote in the United States.

Coxey’s Army

was a protest march by unemployed workers led by Jacob Coxey in 1894, demanding the government to create jobs through public works programs during the __________ Depression.

Homestead Strike

was a violent labor dispute in 1892 at the __________ Steel Works in Pennsylvania, where workers clashed with Pinkerton agents hired by the company.

Pullman Strike

a nationwide railroad strike in 1894 led by the American Railway Union, __________, over wage cuts and high rents in company-owned housing.

Eugene v. Debs

was a prominent American socialist, labor organizer, and _____________.

Social Gospel

The ___________ was a movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that emphasized applying Christian principles to social issues, such as poverty, inequality, and injustice.

Sherman SIlver Purchase Act

a U.S. legislation passed in 1890 that required the government to purchase ___________ each month to support silver prices.

William Jennings Bryan

a prominent American politician known for his advocacy of __________ and his famous "Cross of Gold" speech.

“Cross of Gold”

refers to a speech given by William Jennings Bryan at the 1896 Democratic National Convention, advocating for bimetallism to help struggling farmers.

Jim Crow Laws

state and local laws in the United States that enforced racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans.

Plessy v. Ferguson

established the "separate but equal" doctrine, allowing segregation based on race.

Ida B. Wells

______ was an African American investigative journalist, educator, and early leader in the civil rights movement. She was known for her pioneering work in documenting lynching in the United States.