Year 10 Physics: Kinematics and Forces Overview

Kinematics

Study of motion of objects.

Speed

Distance travelled per unit time.

Average Speed

Total distance divided by total time.

Velocity

Speed with direction.

Average Velocity

Displacement divided by total time.

Acceleration

Change in velocity over time.

Net Force

Total force acting on an object.

Balanced Forces

Forces that cancel each other out.

Unbalanced Forces

Forces that cause motion change.

Free-Body Diagram

Illustration showing forces on an object.

Distance

Length of path between two points.

Displacement

Shortest path from initial to final position.

Vector Quantity

Has both magnitude and direction.

Scalar Quantity

Has only magnitude.

Force

Push or pull acting on an object.

Mass

Amount of matter in an object.

SI Unit of Force

Newton (N).

SI Unit of Speed

Metres per second (m s-1).

SI Unit of Acceleration

Metres per second squared (m s-2).

Position-Time Graph

Graph showing object position over time.

Velocity-Time Graph

Graph showing object velocity over time.

SUVAT Equations

Equations for constant acceleration problems.

Conversion Factor

Used to convert units between systems.

Speed of Light

Distance light travels in 15 seconds: 4,500,000,000 m.

Speed Formula

Speed equals distance divided by time.

Distance Formula

Distance equals speed multiplied by time.

Time Calculation

Time equals distance divided by speed.

Formula Triangle

Visual aid for remembering speed, distance, time.

Unit of Speed

Commonly measured in m s-1 or km h-1.

Conversion Factor

To convert km h-1 to m s-1, divide by 3.6.

Conversion Factor

To convert m s-1 to km h-1, multiply by 3.6.

Example Calculation

Distance = 8 m s-1 × 50 s = 400 m.

Chase Duration

Time = 21 m ÷ 3 m s-1 = 7 s.

Distance in 10 seconds

Distance = 30 m s-1 × 10 s = 300 m.

Distance in 30 seconds

Distance = 60 m s-1 × 30 s = 1800 m.

Distance in 4.5 hours

Convert 60 km h-1 to m s-1, then calculate.

Distance in 0.4 hours

Convert 100 km h-1 to m s-1, then calculate.

Speed Calculation

Speed = 120 m ÷ 10 s = 12 m s-1.

Speed Calculation

Speed = 600 m ÷ 15 s = 40 m s-1.

Time for 1000 m

Time = 1000 m ÷ 50 m s-1 = 20 s.

Time for 10 m

Time = 10 m ÷ 25 m s-1 = 0.4 s.

Constant Speed

Same distance covered in equal time intervals.

Speed Measurement

Requires distance and time for calculation.

Units of Measurement

Speed can be measured in m s-1 or km h-1.

Distance

Total length traveled by an object.

Time

Duration taken to complete a journey.

Speed (km hr-1)

Distance traveled per hour in kilometers.

Speed (m s-1)

Distance traveled per second in meters.

Conversion Factor

1 km hr-1 equals 0.27778 m s-1.

Distance-Time Graph

Graph showing distance against time.

Gradient

Slope of the distance-time graph indicating speed.

Stationary Object

Object not changing position over time.

Accelerating Object

Object increasing speed over time.

Decelerating Object

Object decreasing speed over time.

Flat Line on Graph

Indicates object is stationary.

Negative Gradient

Indicates object moving back towards start.

Car Speed Calculation

Distance divided by time for speed.

Runner's Speed

Distance covered in specific time at constant rate.

Bird's Speed Calculation

Speed equals distance divided by time.

Time Conversion

Convert minutes to seconds by multiplying by 60.

Distance Conversion

Convert kilometers to meters by multiplying by 1000.

Speed of 747 Jet

900 km hr-1 for travel calculations.

Car Average Speed

Total distance divided by total journey time.

Zara's Distance Change

Graph segment indicates distance covered during run.

Jogger Speed Comparison

Determine speed by analyzing distance-time graph.

Motion Sensor

Device used to track movement and speed.

Acceleration

Rate of change of speed over time.

Deceleration

Negative acceleration; slowing down over time.

Constant Speed

Movement at a steady rate without change.

Distance-Time Graph

Visual representation of distance versus time.

Speeding Up

Increasing speed over a period of time.

Slowing Down

Decreasing speed over a period of time.

Stationary

Object not moving; speed equals zero.

Overtaking

When one object passes another in motion.

Displacement

Distance moved in a specific direction.

Bus Stop

Designated point where a bus halts.

Cyclist's Journey

Path taken by a cyclist over time.

Distance Calculation

Finding distance using speed and time.

Graph Interpretation

Analyzing graphs to understand motion characteristics.

High Speed

Movement at a fast rate over time.

Low Speed

Movement at a slow rate over time.

Motion Description

Explanation of an object's movement pattern.

Distance Measurement

Quantifying how far an object travels.

Time Measurement

Quantifying duration of an event.

Constant Velocity

Unchanging speed in a straight line.

Graphical Representation

Visual depiction of data or motion.

Speed Calculation

Determining speed using distance and time.

Speed

Rate of motion, measured in m s-1.

Steady Speed

Constant speed without acceleration changes.

Higher Speed

Increased speed compared to another object.

Same Speed

Maintaining constant speed while cycling uphill.

Freewheel

Move without pedaling, relying on momentum.

Losing Speed

Decrease in speed over time or distance.

Brakes

Device used to slow down or stop a vehicle.

Positive Acceleration

Object speeds up, acceleration value is positive.

Negative Acceleration

Object slows down, acceleration value is negative.

Acceleration Equation

a = (Vf - Vi) / t.

Initial Velocity (Vi)

Starting speed before acceleration occurs.

Final Velocity (Vf)

Speed after acceleration has taken place.

Time (t)

Duration over which acceleration occurs.