FMGE/NExT Quick Revision Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards based on the provided lecture notes.

Hyaline Casts

Associated with Nephrotic Syndrome

Mannitol

Contraindicated in Metabolic Acidosis

Allograft

Graft between two genetically non-identical individuals of the same species.

Autograft

Graft from one location on the same individual to another location on the same individual.

Isograft

Graft between two genetically identical individuals (e.g., identical twins).

Xenograft

Graft between individuals of different species.

Acalculia

Inability to perform mathematical calculations.

Apraxia

Inability to perform learned (familiar) movements on command, even though the command is understood and there is a willingness to perform the movement.

Aphasia

Loss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damage.

Anosognosia

Lack of awareness of a disability

Photophobia

Extreme sensitivity to light.

Prophylaxis

Action taken to prevent disease, especially by specified means or against a specified disease.

Neurofibromatosis

Genetic disorders that cause tumors to form on nerve tissue.

Haloperidol

Typical Antipsychotic drug.

Acute Dystonia

EPS, sustained muscle contractions, frequently causing twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures

Acute Akathisia

EPS, a state of agitation, distress, and restlessness that is an occasional side-effect of antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs.

Tardive Dyskinesia

EPS, a neurological syndrome caused by the long-term use of certain antipsychotic drugs characterized by repetitive movements.

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

EPS, a life-threatening neurological disorder most often caused by an adverse reaction to neuroleptic or antipsychotic drugs.

Bradypnea

Abnormally slow breathing rate.

PCO2

Partial pressure of carbon dioxide.

HCO3-

Bicarbonate.

Miosis

Excessive constriction of the pupil.

Ptosis

Drooping of the upper eyelid.

Ciliospinal Reflex

Dilation of the ipsilateral pupil in response to pain applied to the neck, face, or upper trunk.

Bronchorrhea

Excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchial tubes.

Halitosis

Bad breath.

Enthesopathy

Disease at the sites of the attachment of tendons or ligaments to bones.

Micaceous scales

Scales that appear like mica, often seen in skin conditions.

Claudication

Lameness or limping.

Petechiae

Tiny round brown-purple spots due to bleeding under the skin, may be due to platelet disorders.

Thrombo Cytopenia

A condition characterized by abnormally low levels of thrombocytes, also known as platelets, in the blood.

Hypochromic

Pertaining to less than normal color, used to describe red blood cells deficient in hemoglobin.

Auto-splenectomy

Complete atrophy and disappearance of the spleen due to fibrosis and scarring.

Hepato Splenomegaly

Simultaneous enlargement of both the liver and the spleen.

Pruritus

Severe itching of the skin.

Telangiectasia

Dilated or broken blood vessels located near the surface of the skin or mucous membranes.

Dimness of Vision

Impairment of sight, generally vision is not clear.

Maternal Mortality

Death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy.

PPH

Postpartum hemorrhage, excessive bleeding after childbirth.

Transvaginal Ultrasound

An imaging technique used to examine female reproductive organs.

Proteinuria

The presence of abnormal quantities of protein in the urine.

GTCS

Generalized tonic-clonic seizures.

Eclampsia

Occurrence of seizures in a pre-eclamptic woman.

Ascitic Tapping

A procedure in which a needle is inserted into the abdominal cavity to remove ascitic fluid.

Dysmenorrhea

Painful menstruation, typically involving abdominal cramps.

Menorrhagia

Abnormally heavy or prolonged bleeding.

Interception

The process of stopping pregnancy before it starts (Contraception).

Hallucinations

Experience involving the apparent perception of something not present.

Delusions

An idiosyncratic belief or impression that is firmly maintained despite being contradicted by what is generally accepted as reality or rational argument, typically a symptom of mental disorder.

Hydrocele

A fluid-filled sac surrounding a testicle that causes swelling in the scrotum.

Paraphimosis

A condition in which the retracted foreskin of an uncircumcised male cannot be returned to its normal anatomical position.

Diplophonia

A voice disorder in which a person speaks with two distinct tones simultaneously.

Laryngoscopy

Procedure to view the inside of the larynx (voice box).

Stridor

High-pitched, wheezing sound caused by disrupted airflow.

Odynophagia

Painful swallowing.

Trismus

Lockjaw.

Anosmia

Loss of the sense of smell, either total or partial.

Eschar

A dry, dark scab or falling away of dead skin.

Leucocytosis

An increase in the number of white cells in the blood, especially during an infection.

Spondyloarthropathy

An umbrella term for inflammatory rheumatic diseases that affect the spine.

Otomycosis

Fungal infection of the external auditory canal

Schwartz Sign

A rosy blush seen through the tympanic membrane in some cases of otosclerosis, indicating vascularity of the otosclerotic focus.

Pulsatile Tinnitus

Tinnitus that sounds like a rhythmic pulsing in the ear, often synchronized with the heartbeat.

Agoraphobia

Fear of places and situations that might cause panic, helplessness, or embarrassment

La belle indifference

A naive and inappropriate lack of distress or concern about one's disability

Hypnagogic

Relating to the state immediately before falling asleep.

Oedipus complex

A boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father

Etiology

The cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition

qSOFA Score

Quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment, a simplified version of the SOFA score used to identify patients with suspected infection who are at risk for a poor outcome (sepsis)

Prone Position

Lying face down