CP Bio DNA Test Review

Test 2/29/23

Genetics

The science that studies how characteristics get passed from parent to offspring

Scientists have determined that ____ is the molecule that stores genetic information

DNA

What does DNA stand for?

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

DNA is composed of a string of _______

Nucleotides

What 3 parts make up nucleotides?

* 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose)
* Phosphate group
* A nitrogen base

What are the 4 nitrogen bases?

adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine

What did Edwin Chargaff discover?

Determine A = T and G = C

What did Rosalind Franklin discover?

She used x-rays to show 2 DNA strands twisted

What did Francis Crick & James Watson discover?

Used Franklin’s picture to make the first model of a correct model of a **double helix**

The shape of DNA is called a…

Double Helix

The nitrogen bases in DNA follow the rules of

Base Pairing

A gene is a ____ of DNA that codes for a ______

Segment…Protein

What are some examples of a genetic characteristic or trait?

Hair color, eye color, height, etc

DNA must be from parent to offspring

accurately transferred

Cells are constantly

growing & dividing

What is DNA tightly coiled around in order to protect itself

histones

What is DNA condensed to in order to protect itself

chromosomes

What happens to DNA when it divides?

It is fully copied

What is the process called when DNA is copied?

DNA Replication

What enzyme “unzips” the two strands of DNA

the helicase

What part of the DNA does the helicase unzip it

the replication fork

What brings nucleotides to match the new parent strand?

The polymerase

What is the new strand of DNA called?

The Daughter Strand

Because only half of each parent strand remains in the new DNA molecule, the process is called

Semi-Conservative

Where on the 5-carbon sugar does the oxygen go?

the point

How do you number the carbons in the 5-Carbon sugar molecule

Starting to the right of the oxygen

What carbon is ALWAYS OUTSIDE of the sugar?

5

A strand that goes in the 3’ to 5’ direction is called

the right strand

A strand that goes in the 5’ to 3’ direction is called

the left strand

Where do you find hydrogen bonds?

Between the nitrogen bases

Where do you find covalent bonds in DNA?

the phosphate Whatand sugar

What does Primase do?

is the initial primer

What does ligase do?

joins the DNA fragments (the glue)

What does helicase do?

unwinds the DNA

What does polymerase do?

Matches and lays down nucleotides to build the daughter DNA strand