CP Bio DNA Test Review
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35 Terms
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Genetics
The science that studies how characteristics get passed from parent to offspring
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Scientists have determined that ____ is the molecule that stores genetic information
DNA
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What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
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DNA is composed of a string of _______
Nucleotides
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What 3 parts make up nucleotides?
* 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose)
* Phosphate group
* A nitrogen base
* Phosphate group
* A nitrogen base
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What are the 4 nitrogen bases?
adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine
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What did Edwin Chargaff discover?
Determine A = T and G = C
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What did Rosalind Franklin discover?
She used x-rays to show 2 DNA strands twisted
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What did Francis Crick & James Watson discover?
Used Franklin’s picture to make the first model of a correct model of a **double helix**
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The shape of DNA is called a…
Double Helix
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The nitrogen bases in DNA follow the rules of
Base Pairing
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A gene is a ____ of DNA that codes for a ______
Segment…Protein
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What are some examples of a genetic characteristic or trait?
Hair color, eye color, height, etc
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DNA must be from parent to offspring
accurately transferred
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Cells are constantly
growing & dividing
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What is DNA tightly coiled around in order to protect itself
histones
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What is DNA condensed to in order to protect itself
chromosomes
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What happens to DNA when it divides?
It is fully copied
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What is the process called when DNA is copied?
DNA Replication
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What enzyme “unzips” the two strands of DNA
the helicase
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What part of the DNA does the helicase unzip it
the replication fork
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What brings nucleotides to match the new parent strand?
The polymerase
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What is the new strand of DNA called?
The Daughter Strand
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Because only half of each parent strand remains in the new DNA molecule, the process is called
Semi-Conservative
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Where on the 5-carbon sugar does the oxygen go?
the point
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How do you number the carbons in the 5-Carbon sugar molecule
Starting to the right of the oxygen
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What carbon is ALWAYS OUTSIDE of the sugar?
5
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A strand that goes in the 3’ to 5’ direction is called
the right strand
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A strand that goes in the 5’ to 3’ direction is called
the left strand
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Where do you find hydrogen bonds?
Between the nitrogen bases
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Where do you find covalent bonds in DNA?
the phosphate Whatand sugar
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What does Primase do?
is the initial primer
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What does ligase do?
joins the DNA fragments (the glue)
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What does helicase do?
unwinds the DNA
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What does polymerase do?
Matches and lays down nucleotides to build the daughter DNA strand