Studied by 22 peopleGenetics
The science that studies how characteristics get passed from parent to offspring
Scientists have determined that ____ is the molecule that stores genetic information
DNA
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DNA is composed of a string of _______
Nucleotides
What 3 parts make up nucleotides?
5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose)
Phosphate group
A nitrogen base
What are the 4 nitrogen bases?
adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine
What did Edwin Chargaff discover?
Determine A = T and G = C
What did Rosalind Franklin discover?
She used x-rays to show 2 DNA strands twisted
What did Francis Crick & James Watson discover?
Used Franklin’s picture to make the first model of a correct model of a double helix
The shape of DNA is called a…
Double Helix
The nitrogen bases in DNA follow the rules of
Base Pairing
A gene is a ____ of DNA that codes for a ______
Segment…Protein
What are some examples of a genetic characteristic or trait?
Hair color, eye color, height, etc
DNA must be from parent to offspring
accurately transferred
Cells are constantly
growing & dividing
What is DNA tightly coiled around in order to protect itself
histones
What is DNA condensed to in order to protect itself
chromosomes
What happens to DNA when it divides?
It is fully copied
What is the process called when DNA is copied?
DNA Replication
What enzyme “unzips” the two strands of DNA
the helicase
What part of the DNA does the helicase unzip it
the replication fork
What brings nucleotides to match the new parent strand?
The polymerase
What is the new strand of DNA called?
The Daughter Strand
Because only half of each parent strand remains in the new DNA molecule, the process is called
Semi-Conservative
Where on the 5-carbon sugar does the oxygen go?
the point
How do you number the carbons in the 5-Carbon sugar molecule
Starting to the right of the oxygen
What carbon is ALWAYS OUTSIDE of the sugar?
5
A strand that goes in the 3’ to 5’ direction is called
the right strand
A strand that goes in the 5’ to 3’ direction is called
the left strand
Where do you find hydrogen bonds?
Between the nitrogen bases
Where do you find covalent bonds in DNA?
the phosphate Whatand sugar
What does Primase do?
is the initial primer
What does ligase do?
joins the DNA fragments (the glue)
What does helicase do?
unwinds the DNA
What does polymerase do?
Matches and lays down nucleotides to build the daughter DNA strand
Note 
Flashcard (52)