Nutrition Lecture 4: Fat Soluble Vitamins

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

1. Retinoids

2. Vitamin D

3. Vitamin E

4. Vitamin K

What is the primary alcohol that is preformed vitamin A?

Retinol

What is the aldehyde derivative of retinol?

Retinal

What is the product of the oxidation of retinal?

Retinoic acid

What is the provitamin A precursor?

Beta-Carotene

What body functions are retinoids important in?

1. Vision

2. Reproduction

3. Growth

4. Epithelial tissue maintenance

Where in the body are most vitamin A located?

Liver

What does vitamin A deficiency lead to?

1. Night blindness

2. Xerophthalmia

What is vitamin A used to treat?

Skin conditions

What is the active form of vitamin D?

Calcitriol

What is vitamin D responsible for?

Calcium uptake

What are the roles of 1-25 (OHD)2?

1. Cell differentiation and proliferation

2. Promote development of macrophages and NK cells

What is the endogenous vitamin D precursor in the skin?

7-dehydrocholesterol

What is vitamin deficiency in children called?

Rickets

What is vitamin deficiency in adults called?

Osteomalacia

What is the main symptom of vitamin D excess?

Hypercalcemia/uria

Where is phylloquinone (vitamin K) found?

Plants

Where is menaquinone (vitamin K) found?

Intestinal bacterial flora

Where is menadione (vitamin K) found as?

Synthetic derivative

Which population is vitamin K deficiency common in?

Unsupplemented newborns

Why do newborns need to be injected with vitamin K?

1. Newborn intestines cannot make vitamin K

2. Breastmilk does not have enough vitamin K

What is the most active form of vitamin E?

Alpha-tocopherol

What does vitamin E function as?

Antioxidant

What does vitamin E deficiency lead to?

Hemolytic anemia

What does vitamin E act as towards free radicals?

Scavengers