Poli 110 3

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20 Terms

1

Congress

The legislative branch of the United States government, comprising the House of Representatives and the Senate, responsible for making laws and appropriating funds.

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2

Legislative branch

The branch of government primarily responsible for making laws.

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3

Reapportionment

The process of redistributing seats in the House of Representatives based on the population changes measured by the census.

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4

Gerrymandering

The intentional manipulation of electoral district boundaries to favor one political party over another.

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5

Incumbent

An individual currently holding a political office who is seeking reelection.

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6

Open seat

A term used when no incumbent is running for reelection.

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7

Delegates vs. Trustees

Delegate: a representative who acts according to the wishes of their constituents; Trustee: a representative who acts according to their own judgment.

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8

Filibuster

A tactic used in the Senate to delay or prevent a vote on a bill by extending the debate.

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9

Cloture

A procedure for ending a filibuster in the Senate, requiring a minimum of 60 votes.

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10

Administrative law

Rules and regulations created by executive agencies based on legislative statutes.

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11

Constitutional law

Law that derives from the Constitution, including civil liberties and government powers.

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12

Judicial review

The power of courts to declare legislative and executive acts unconstitutional.

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13

Amicus curiae

A 'friend of the court' brief filed by someone who is not a party to the case, offering information or expertise.

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14

Originalism

A judicial philosophy that interprets the Constitution based on its original meaning at the time it was enacted.

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15

Living Constitution

A view that the Constitution is dynamic and should be interpreted in light of current societal values.

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16

Bureaucracy

A complex structure of offices, tasks, and rules in which employees work within a hierarchy of authority.

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17

Case law

Law established by the outcome of former court cases; it relies on precedent.

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18

Statute

A written law passed by a legislative body.

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19

Wave election

An election in which one party gains a significant number of seats, often influenced by national conditions.

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20

Credit claiming

An attempt by politicians to demonstrate that they are responsible for public projects and funding that benefit their constituents.

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