As directly described in the Guide. Applies for both HL and SL.
Calculate
Obtain a numerical answer showing the relevant stages in the working
Comment
Give a judgment based on a given statement or result of a calculation.
Compare
Give an account of the similarities between two (or more) items or situations, referring to both (all) of them throughout.
Compare and contrast
Give an account of similarities and differences between two (or more) items or situations, referring to both (all) of them throughout.
Construct
Display information in a diagrammatic or logical form.
Contrast
Give an account of the differences between two (or more) items or situations, referring to both (all) of them throughout.
Deduce
Reach a conclusion from the information given.
Demonstrate
Make clear by reasoning or evidence, illustrating with examples or practical application.
Describe
Give a detailed account.
Determine
Obtain the only possible answer.
Differentiate
Obtain the derivative of a function.
Distinguish
Make clear the differences between two or more concepts or items.
Draw
Represent by means of a labelled, accurate diagram or graph, using a pencil. A ruler (straight edge) should be used for straight lines. Diagrams should be drawn to scale. Graphs should have points correctly plotted (if appropriate) and joined in a straight line or smooth curve.
Estimate
Obtain an approximate value.
Explain
Give a detailed account including reasons or causes
Find
Obtain an answer showing relevant stages in the working.
Hence
Use the preceding work to obtain the required result.
Hence or otherwise
It is suggested that the preceding work is used, but other methods could also receive credit.
Identify
Provide an answer from a number of possibilities.
Integrate
Obtain the integral of a function.
Interpret
Use knowledge and understanding to recognize trends and draw conclusions from given information.
Investigate
Observe, study, or make a detailed and systematic examination, in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions
Justify
Give valid reasons or evidence to support an answer or conclusion.
Label
Add labels to a diagram.
List
Give a sequence of brief answers with no explanation.
Plot
Mark the position of points on a diagram.
Predict
Give an expected result.
Prove
Use a sequence of logical steps to obtain the required result in a formal way
Show
Give the steps in a calculation or derivation.
Show that
Obtain the required result (possibly using information given) without the formality of proof. “Show that” questions do not generally require the use of a calculator.
Sketch
Represent by means of a diagram or graph (labelled as appropriate). The sketch should give a general idea of the required shape or relationship, and should include relevant features.
Solve
Obtain the answer(s) using algebraic and/or numerical and/or graphical methods.
State
Give a specific name, value or other brief answer without explanation or calculation.
Suggest
Propose a solution, hypothesis or other possible answer.
Verify
Provide evidence that validates the result.
Write down
Obtain the answer(s), usually by extracting information. Little or no calculation is required. Working does not need to be shown