CMN Exam 3

What is intimacy? (social penetration theory)

characterized as a close, familiar, and usually an affectionate personal relationship

Intimacy increases as we communicate ___ information

Private

What is the social penetration theory?

Our personalities are like layers of an onion.

What and where is the surface level information in the social penetration theory?

Favorite color, job ( information communicated first)and it is on the outside

What and where is the private level information in the social penetration theory?

political affiliation, trauma and on the inside

What are general observations

Peripheral items are shared more frequently and sooner than private information

What is the first general observation?

VanLear studying relationships

Public items, semi-private details, revealed nothing, and intimate confidence.

What is the second general observation?

Self-disclosure is reciprocal

The more someone shares, the more you will share

What is the third general observation?

Communication is quick at the start but slows down quickly as private information is shared

What is the fourth general observation?

Depenetration is a gradual process of communication withdrawal

How do we decide to share or withdrawl?

Cost versus rewards, comparison levels, and comparison levels of alternatives

What are cost and rewards derived from?

Social exchange theory

What do we do in cost and rewards?

We weight the benefits of disclosure against the costs of disclosure

What are comparison levels?

Gauging the relationship satisfaction compared to previous relationships

What are comparison level of alternatives>

Seeing if it would be better with a prospective other

What is the expectancy violation theory?

Theory assumes individuals maintain expectations for behavior within a situation

What is expectation?

A strong belief about what will happen in the future

What is violation?

A breach in expectations

Has a valence of negative and positive

Positive violation and positive reward valence?

reciprocate positive behavior

positive violation and negative reward valence

compensate with suspicious motives

Negative violation and positive reward valence

compensate negative behavior

negative Violation and negative reward valence

reciprocate negative behavior

What is the relational turbulence model?

A theory that focuses on the moments of change in a relationship and the resulting communicative, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral outcomes of that change

What are transitions?

A factor or force that creates the potential for change in a relationship

What is turbulence?

The tumultuous experiences that result from transition

What do transitions cause?

Turbulence

What 2 categories do transitions fall under?

Relational uncertainty and Partner interference

What is self-uncertainty?

Whether you want the relationship to last, how important the relationship is to you, and how much you are romantically interested

What is partner uncertainty?

Whether your partner is ready to commit, wants to be with you, or is attracted to you

What is relationship uncertainty?

Whether the relationship is romantic, moving in the right direction, or moving at the right speed

What is partner interference?

Accommodating routines

Interference with routines and goals

What is small group communication?

Interaction between 3-12 people
-share common goal,
-sense of belonging,
-and exert influence on one another

Lowest level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs

physiological needs

2nd stage of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

safety

3rd stage of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

love and belonging

4th stage of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

esteem

5th stage of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

self-actualization

What is Tuckman's approach?

Forming, storming, norming, performing

Cragen and Hall 5 Central Roles

-task leader
-social-emotional leader
-information provider
-tension releaser
-central negative

Three leadership styles

authoritarian, democratic, laissez-faire

decision making strategies

experts,
individual rankings,
random choice,
majority vote,
decision by minority,
consensus

What is the first step?

Identify and Define problem

Journalists six questions

What is the second step?

Analyze the problem

Fishbone diagram

What is the third step?

Generate several solutions

Nominal group technique

What is the fourth step?

T-chart

Pros/cons

What is the fifth step?

Test and implement solution

Action chart

Why bad decisions?

-improper analysis of situation
-unclear goals
-bad information
-not utilizing all members

Myths about conflict?

conflict should always be avoided, all conflict is due to misunderstanding,
all conflict is resolvable

Types of conflict

Pseudo conflict,
simple conflict,
ego conflict

What is organization?

A relatively large group of people coordinating their activities for some purpose

Three perspectives

The organizational features perspectives

The network perspective

The discursive perspective

What is the organizational features perspective?

Vertical spread= levels in the organization's hierarchy (upward/downward communication)

Horizontal spread= Parts of the organization differentiated by specialized responsibilities

Geographical spread= Physical distance between parts of the organization (internal and external)

What are nodes?

Unit of analysis

What are links?

Connections of at least 2 people

What are cliques?

A tight cluster of nodes

What are liasons?

Connections of 2+ cliques but doesn't belong to any

What is an isolate?

Has few or no links

What is a bridge/broker?

Member of 1 clique with links to others

WHat was the study by Su (2021)?

Knowledge sharing is critical to organiztion function and job performance

Explored using network analysis

Su (2021) findings?

Relational mechanisms= When person A feels unjustly treated by B, they start hiding knowledge. Then B will retailate by also hiding knowledge

Reciprocal distrust loop= If trust breaks down, there is greater and greater reason to hide knowledge

Build mutual trust with more work-related

What are discursive perspectives?

Emphasis on how communication constructs the process of organizing

Cx Function #1 discursive perspective

Organizing and disorganizing

Organizations emerge and diminish through communication (mission/ vision statement)

Cx Function #2 discursive perspective

Communication creating structure

Communication creates behavioral structures (Policy statements, acceptable behaviors)

What is fundraising?

The process of collecting voluntary financial contributions from individuals, businesses, or organizations to support a cause

What is health communication?

The way we seek, process, and share health information

What is the biomedical model?

Treating people like a car

What is the biopsychosocial model?

a model of health that integrates the effects of biological, behavioral, and social factors on health and illness

What is the paternalistic model?

When provider provides all info, gives options, and then gives recommendations

What is the informed model?

Patient chooses path, provider gives recommendation

What is the shared model?

When patients do research and have a say in the solution (most satisfied)

What are the contexts of influence?

Media context
Organizational context
Political-legal context
Cultural context

What is medical mistrust?

a lack of trust or confidence in someone or something, often characterized by feelings of suspicion and doubt about honesty.

What is social support?

People helping people

An act of reciprocation

Benefits of physical health?

Social support can lead to less time spent in a hospital after a major procedure

Benefits of psychological health?

Higher levels of social support can reduce levels of depression, anxiety, and stress

Benefits of emotional health?

Social support can enhance overall emotional well-being and happiness

What are relational outcomes of social support?

Success of various relationships

Relationship satisfaction

Buffering perspective

Any support is good support

Matching perspective

The right support is good support

Types of social support

Informational support (advice, knowledge, info, connections)
Instrumental support (Goods, services, financial)
Emotional support (Care, concern, empathy, listening, sympathy)

Why study family communication?

Socialization,
meaningfulness,
unique context

What is the family systems theory?

- A lens for understanding family interaction and outcomes
- Influenced by General Systems Theory, developments in biological and physical sciences

What is interdependence?

Family members are so interrelated they depend on each other for functioning

What are boundaries?

Whatever separates people from others

Can be external and internal

Why do some people reveal their family secrets while others conceal them?

Topic
Family satisfaction
Relationship with the disclosure recipient

What are topics?

Secrets emphasizing taboo topics

What is family satisfaction?

In general, people who were more satisfied with their family relationships were more likely to keep their family secrets

What is relationship with disclosure recipient

People who felt psychologically close and similar to the disclosure recipient were more likely to tell him/her their family secrets

What is calibration?

The function of maintaining stability in a family

What is circular causality?

Different people in a family trigger reactions in others simultaneously or sequentially

Responsive and demanding parenting style?

Authoritative

Responsive and undemanding parenting style?

Permissive

Unresponsive and demanding parenting style?

Authoritarian

Unresponsive and undemanding parenting style?

Neglectful

5 love languages?

gifts, service, physical touch, affirmation, quality time