U4AP2 (16) Attitude to Cognitive Dissonance

Attitude

evaluations, feelings, or beliefs about people, objects, or ideas that influence behavior and responses to the social world

Stereotype

a fixed, oversimplified, and often negative belief or judgment about a particular group of people, based on their perceived characteristics or attributes.

Social Identity

the part of an individual's self-concept that is derived from their membership in social groups, such as nationality, ethnicity, gender, or profession, which shapes their sense of identity and belonging.

Cognitive Load

the amount of information that working memory can hold at one time (Stereotype reduces cognitive load)

Prejudice

a negative attitude or belief held about individuals or groups based on their membership in a particular social category, such as race, ethnicity, gender, or religion.

Discrimination

the unjust or prejudicial treatment of individuals or groups based on their membership in a particular social category, often resulting in differential access to resources, opportunities, or rights.

Implicit Attitudes

also known as implicit prejudice or implicit bias, is a negative attitude, of which one is not consciously aware, against a specific social group.

Just-world phenomenon

the tendency to believe that the world is inherently fair and that people get what they deserve, leading to victim-blaming and rationalization of inequalities and injustices.

Out group

a social group with which an individual does not identify and may perceive as different or inferior, often leading to stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination.

out-group homogeneity bias

The tendency to view an out-group as homogenous, or all the same, while seeing members of the in-group as more varied.

Ingroup

"Us"—people with whom we share a common identity.

In-group bias

tendency to favor individuals within our group over those from outside our group

Ethnocentirsm

cultural ignorance or blindness; the belief that one's culture is superior

Scapegoat theory

the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

Other-race effect

the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races

Cogntive dissonance

the state of having inconsistent thoughts, beliefs, or attitudes, especially as relating to behavioral decisions and attitude change.