unit 3 human geo

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35 Terms

1

Acculturation

The adoption of cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another.

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2

Assimilation

The social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another.

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3

Contagious diffusion

The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population.

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4

Creole

A mother tongue that originates from contact between two languages.

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5

Cultural determinism

The belief that the culture in which we are raised determines who we are at emotional and behavioral levels.

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6

Cultural diffusion

The spread of cultural elements from one society to another.

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7

Cultural ecology

A geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships.

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8

Cultural geography

The subfield of human geography that looks at how cultures vary over space.

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9

Cultural hearths

Heartland, source area, innovation center, place of origin of a major culture.

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10

Cultural landscape

The visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape.

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11

Cultural relativism

The practice of judging a culture by its own standards.

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12

Cultural transmission

The process by which one generation passes culture to the next.

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13

Culture region

An area in which people have many shared culture traits.

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14

Culture system

A collection of interacting elements that shape a group's collective identity.

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15

Culture trait

A single element of normal practice in a culture, such as the wearing of a turban.

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16

Environmental determinism

The view that the natural environment has a controlling influence over various aspects of human life.

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17

Ethnic religion

A religion with a concentrated spatial distribution whose principles are based on the physical characteristics of its location.

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18

Ethnocentrism

Belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.

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19

Hierarchical diffusion

The spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places.

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20

Indo-European language family

Family of languages with the greatest number of speakers, spoken in most of Europe and areas of European settlement.

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21

Isogloss

A boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate.

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22

Language families

Group of languages with a shared but fairly distant origin.

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23

Lingua franca

A common language used by speakers of different languages.

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24

Linguistic fragmentation

Many languages spoken by a small group of people.

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25

Linguistic geography

The study of the geographical distribution of linguistic features.

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26

Official language

The language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents.

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27

Pidgin

An artificial language used for trade between speakers of different languages.

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28

Relocation diffusion

The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people.

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29

Standard language

The form of a language used for official government business, education, and mass communications.

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30

Stimulus diffusion

The spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected.

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31

Syncretism

The fusion of originally different inflected forms.

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32

Time-distance decay

The declining degree of acceptance of an idea or innovation with increasing time and distance from its point of origin.

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33

Toponymy

The branch of lexicology that studies the place names of a region or a language.

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34

Transculturation

Cultural borrowing that occurs when different cultures of approximately equal complexity and technological level come into close contact.

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35

Universalizing religion

A religion that attempts to appeal to all people, not just those living in a particular location.

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